Albin Oppenheim

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Albin Oppenheim (born January 8, 1875 in Brno (Moravia), † November 20, 1945 in Los Angeles (California, USA)) was an Austrian / American dentist and orthodontist who specializes in the biological basis of tooth movements in orthodontic treatment explored.

Life

Albin grew up as one of seven siblings in Brno. His parents were Adolf Oppenheim (1829–1925) and Pauline Oppenheim (1853–1935), née Auspitzer. Oppenheim attended grammar school in Brno, where he passed his Matura in 1893. In 1895 he completed six months of military service in the Austro-Hungarian army. After completing his medical studies at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague , he received his doctorate in May 1899 as a doctor of medicine. He initially practiced for five years in the hospital practice in the Vienna General Hospital and at various other clinics, for example in Ebling (July 1 to October 30, 1899, psychiatry ), at the Schroetter Clinic (October 1900 to April 1901, ear and nose) Ear Medicine ), at the Weinlechner Clinic (April 1901 to May 1902, surgery ), at the Lang Clinic (May 1902 to May 1903, dermatology and syphilidology), at the Knöpfelmacher Clinic (June 1903 to January 1904, pediatrics ), before he finished his dental training in Berlin at the polyclinic. From 1905 to 1909 he practiced as a dentist in Brno.

During the First World War he worked in Garrison Hospital No. 1 in Vienna. In 1915 he completed his habilitation in dentistry at the University of Vienna and in 1919 became head of the Dental Institute at the University of Vienna. In 1927 he was appointed associate professor.

He was persecuted as a Jew under National Socialism for racist reasons and expelled from the University of Vienna and his Venia legendi revoked, as were the dentists Rudolf Kronfeld (1901–1940), Bernhard Gottlieb (1890–1950), Joseph Peter Weinmann (1896–1960) , Balint Orbán (1899–1960) and Harry Safe (1889–1974). They were representatives of the famous "Viennese School", founded in 1923, which achieved worldwide fame through their scientific work. Their names are not known to many in this country, they only achieved great fame in America and their scientific activities were highly valued and honored many times. In 1938 Oppenheim first went to Geneva , Switzerland, but from there to America in 1939, where he became a professor at the University of Southern California . In 1944 he received American citizenship. Albin was married to Emilie (1895-1994) for the second time. Oppenheim died on November 20, 1945 in Los Angeles.

Scientific career

Oppenheim met the orthodontist Edward H. Angle (1855–1930). who offered him a teaching position. At one of his lectures in New London , (Connecticut) at the Angle School of Orthodontia , in 1911 he presented his groundbreaking contribution on the subject of "tissue changes in tooth movements" in orthodontics for the first time. It was the result of extensive research on monkeys. This work was published in the American Orthodontist , which is frequently referred to in the orthodontic literature. Oppenheim was the first to postulate that tooth regulation should only be done with slow, gentle and intermittent pressure. This approach changed the rather brutal methods of tooth regulation that had been common up until then. Oppenheim continued to research in this area for decades and increasingly substantiated the thesis that exerting too much pressure on the tooth regulation leads to the destruction of the bone bed and the tooth support apparatus .

After spending some time in the USA, Oppenheim returned to Europe and brought the teachings of Angle and his findings with him to present them at various institutions, such as during the IX. International Dental Congress in August 1936, which took place in Vienna. In 1938 Oppenheim felt compelled to leave the country. Together with his wife he went to Geneva, where they spent six months. Here he accepted the invitation from the University of Southern California . He and his wife traveled to the USA on January 2, 1939. He settled in Los Angeles as a research professor of orthodontics and became a US citizen in 1944.

Publications (excerpt)

Oppenheim contributed around 30 articles to dental literature between 1908 and 1945. All were based on lengthy experimentation and microscopic examination.

  • 1908: Different methods of manufacturing gold inlays.
  • 1911: Use of the casting method.
  • 1919: The change in the tissues, especially the bone, when the teeth are moved.
  • 1922: Extraction mutilations in the milk and permanent area8.
  • 1926 Histological findings when changing teeth.
  • 1927: Orthodontic therapy.
  • 1929: The prognathy from the anthropological and orthodontic point of view.
  • 1933: About root resorptions in orthodontic measures.
  • 1936: The crisis in orthodontics, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin.
  • 1940: Biological-orthodontic therapy and reality, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin.
  • 1942: Human 'Tissue Response to Orthodontic Intervention of Short and Long Duration.
  • 1944: Artificial Elongation of Teeth. A Possibility for Physiologic Orthodontic Movement.

swell

  • American Journal of Orthodontics, Vol. 43, No. 1 (1957), p. 46
  • Zeitschrift für Stomatologie, Vol. 43, No. 10 (1946), p. 489
  • Zeitschrift für Stomatologie, Vol. 43, No. 11, (1946), p. 543
  • Judith Bauer-Merinsky: The effects of the annexation of Austria by the German Reich on the medical faculty of the University of Vienna in 1938 , dissertation, 1980, pp. 175–177, Vienna.
  • Albin Oppenheim In: Directory "Medical Faculty", pages 18–36: Kurt Mühlberger: Documentation Displaced Intelligence 1938. The loss of intellectual and human potency at the University of Vienna from 1938 to 1945. 2nd edition. Vienna: Archive of the University of Vienna, 1993. P. 28.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frederick Noyes: The contribution of Albin Oppenheim to Orthodontia . In: Angle Orthodontist . 1945. doi : 10.1043 / 0003-3219 (1945) 015 <0047: TCOAOT> 2.0.CO; 2 . Accessed February 1, 2020.
  2. ^ Albert Oppenheim: A possibility of physiologic orthodontic movement . In: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics . 30, 1944, pp. 277-328. doi : 10.1016 / s0096-6347 (44) 90178-x . Accessed February 1, 2020.
  3. ^ Albin Josef Oppenheim 1875–1945. In: American Journal of Orthodontics and Oral Surgery. 32, 1946, p. 149, doi : 10.1016 / 0096-6347 (46) 90144-5 .
  4. ↑ Norman Wahl: Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 4: The professionalization of orthodontics . In: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics . September. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  5. ↑ Allan G. Brodie, Frederick B Noyes, Albin Oppenheim , The Angle Orthodontist, pp. 82-84. Accessed February 1, 2020.
personal data
SURNAME Oppenheim, Albin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-American dentist
DATE OF BIRTH January 8, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Brno (Moravia)
DATE OF DEATH November 20, 1945
Place of death Los Angeles (California, USA)