Balint Orbán

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Balint Joseph Orbán, 1943, Loyola University Chicago

Bálint Joseph Orbán (born March 24, 1899 in Temesvar (Hungary), † June 1, 1960 in Chicago , Illinois (USA)) was an Austro-Hungarian dentist and university professor . He was one of the representatives of the famous " Viennese School " founded in 1923 , which achieved worldwide fame through the publications of microscopic studies of periodontal diseases using human autopsy material.

Life

Balint's father was the mathematician and engineer Ignaz Orbán, his mother was Erzébet (Elisabeth), née Busch. They had two sons, Tim and James. Balint had two brothers, Laszlo and Niki. Orbán attended elementary school and grammar school in Novi Sad (Neusatz) and studied medicine at Semmelweis University in Budapest , where he received his doctorate in general medicine on October 22, 1921. From 1920 to 1921 he worked as a demonstrator at the Physiological Institute of the University and from 1921 to 1922 at the Pharmacological Institute of the University of Budapest. In 1922 he moved to the Dental Institute of the University of Vienna , where he worked until July 1926 - including at the histological department under Bernhard Gottlieb . In 1938 the entire Jewish university staff at the Medical University of Vienna was dismissed. He was persecuted under National Socialism for racist reasons, his Venia legendi was revoked and he was expelled from the University of Vienna, as were the dentists Rudolf Kronfeld (1901–1940), Bernhard Gottlieb (1885–1950), Joseph Peter Weinmann (1896–1960) , Albin Oppenheim (1875–1945) and Harry Safe (1889–1974). They were representatives of the famous "Viennese School" founded in 1923, which achieved worldwide fame through the publications of microscopic studies of periodontal diseases using human autopsy material. Their names are not known to many in this country, they only achieved great fame in America and their scientific activities were highly valued and honored many times. In addition to his scientific work, he ran a dental practice with his second son James. He died of a heart attack in Chicago in 1960 . He is buried in Colorado Springs .

Scientific career

In 1927 he received a professorship in dental histology and pathology at the Chicago College of Dental Surgery, where he worked until 1929. On December 12, 1930 he was nostrified in Vienna . From January 1, 1931 to December 30, 1936 he worked at the Dental Institute of the University of Vienna, from April 10, 1935 as a professor of dentistry.

Although Orban may have been a member of the Catholic Church, his position on the medical school was "shut down" in 1938 due to racial laws . Orban was no longer in Vienna at this point. In 1937 he had started negotiations with the Dean of Northwestern University , Arthur Davenport Black (son of Greene Vardiman Black ). Black obtained entry visas for Orban, his wife, and son, and arranged for him to enroll as a student at Northwestern Dental School. He traveled to the United States with his family in January. He took all of his histological material with him. When the great "purge" of the University of Vienna began in March 1938, Orban had been in Chicago since January 3, 1938 , although he was (still) listed as a member of the medical faculty. After completing his studies, he took a position as associate professor of pathology and histology at Northwestern University. Two years later, after Rudolf Kronfeld's death, the Dean William Hoffman Gardiner Logan (1872–1943) offered him the direction of the Research Foundation at Loyola University Chicago , College of Dental Surgery. From 1948 he was a university professor for periodontics there . He was also director of the Colorado Dental Foundation in Colorado Springs .

His long-term interest was the preservation of non-vital teeth and counteracting focal infection. This resulted in the editing of a new scientific publication in 1946, the Journal of Endodontia . Although the magazine only survived three issues, its short lifespan heralded the specialty of endodontics and prepared the ground for the endodontic society founded in 1943. He often worked with Safe and Weinmann on the structure, function and classification of the oral mucosa , which were set out in the first volume of "Oral Histology and Embryology" and which form the basis for the nomenclature of tissues to this day.

Memberships

Honorary memberships

  • American Dental Association
  • Illinois Dental Society
  • Chicago Dental Society
  • Dental Forum of Milwaukee

Honors

Publications (excerpt)

Orbán has published more than 170 scientific papers:

  • 1925: Dental Histology and Embryology.
  • 1926 Nutrition and teeth. Federation Dentaire Internationale.Seventh international dental congress, Philadelphia, August 23-27. Transactions, pp. 257-268.
  • 1926 Histology of the enamel lamellae and tufts. Federation Dentaire Internationale. Seventh international dental congress, Philadelphia, Aug. 23-27. Transactions, pp. 482-492.
  • 1928: Dental histology and embryology. Chicago: Rogers Printing Co.
  • 1929: Two years' activity of the Research Department, Chicago College of Dental Surgery, Dental Department of Loyola University. Bur 29: 83-88.
  • with B. Gottlieb 1931: Tissue changes in experimental traumatic occlusion with special reference to age and constitution. JDent Res 11: 505-510.
  • with B. Gottlieb 1933: Inflammation of the gums and loosening of teeth. Berlin: Berlinisch Verlagsanstalt.
  • with B. Gottlieb 1938: Biology and pathology of the tooth and its supporting mechanism. Moses Diamond, translator. New York: Macmillan.
  • 1941: Biologic considerations in restorative dentistry. JAm DentAssoc 28: 1069-1079.
  • 1944: Oral histology and embryology. St. Louis, Mosby.
  • with H. Safe 1945: The oral mucosa. JDent Educ 10: 94-103. Discussion by I. Schour (1946) 11: 163-164.
  • with FM Wentz, 1954: Operative dentistry and the supporting dental structures. IL Dent J 23: 717-721.
  • 1956: Clinical Pathology Oral Mucous Membrane.
  • with H. Bhatia, JA Kollar, FM Wentz 1956: The epithelial attachment. l Periodontol 27: 167-180.
  • 1958: Periodontics: A concept-theory and practice. St Louis: Mosby.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ G. Besenböck, Dr. Orbán Balint - Periodontology was his life . Dissertation, University of Vienna, 2003.
  2. ^ Orban Competition American Academy of Periodontology. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
personal data
SURNAME Orbán, Balint
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Orbán, Bálint Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Hungarian dentist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH March 24, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Temesvar (Hungary)
DATE OF DEATH June 1, 1960
Place of death Chicago , Illinois (USA)