Bernhard Gottlieb

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Bernhard Gottlieb (born July 14, 1885 as Berisch Gottlieb in Kuty , Galicia / Austria-Hungary / Poland, today Кути / Ukraine; † March 16, 1950 in Dallas , (Texas / USA)) was an Austrian dentist and scientist. He is considered the founder of the scientifically based diagnosis and treatment of gum disease and, as a specialist in periodontal disease, was one of the world's most important dentists in the 1930s . Balint Orbán, one of his students, wrote in an obituary in 1950: “It can be said that few researchers have exerted a more significant influence on the science of our subject than Gottlieb. He must be seen as the founder of biological thinking in dentistry ”. Gottlieb's findings are still effective today in dental treatment.

Life

Bernhard Gottlieb was born as the son of the Jewish businessman Jakob Gottlieb. In 1905 he passed his Matura at the German grammar school in Rădăuți (Radautz, Galicia / Romania) and began studying medicine at the University of Vienna in 1906 , completing his doctorate on the histo (pathology) of hard tooth substance under Julius Tandler (1869–1936) to the "Dr. med. univ. ”on December 11, 1911. At that time, the path to becoming a dentist in Austria led through additional training after completing medical studies. He then worked in the dental practice of his future father-in-law Siegmund Herz. In 1917 he married Stella Herz. They had a son, the future American anthropologist , sociologist and university professor Erich Gottlieb (1933-2013). During the First World War he enlisted in the Joint Army (Austro-Hungarian Army) in 1914 and headed a mobile infirmary, later a mobile dental clinic. During the war he collected jaw specimens which were to become the basis for his later famous histological investigations. He was persecuted under National Socialism for racist reasons, his venia legendi was revoked and on April 22, 1938 he was removed from office and expelled from the University of Vienna, as were the dentists Rudolf Kronfeld (1901–1940), Balint Orbán (1889–1974 ), Joseph Peter Weinmann (1896–1960), Albin Oppenheim (1875–1945) and Harry Safe (1889–1974). Their names are not known to many in this country, they only achieved great fame in America and their scientific activities were highly valued and honored many times.

Scientific career

On December 18, 1921, Gottlieb received his habilitation as a private lecturer in dentistry at the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna and headed the histological laboratory of the Dental University Institute. On July 14, 1931 he was appointed associate professor (Pd. Tit. Ao. Prof.). His habilitation thesis dealt with the widely acclaimed basic study on the "epithelial attachment" of the tooth. He took over the management of the "Histological Laboratory" at the Dental Institute of the University of Vienna. From then on, oral histo (pathology) should play a prominent role in Vienna and Gottlieb, as the founder of the “Vienna School”, rose to become an international reference. So was William HG Logan (1872-1943), rector of Loyola University in Chicago, it "set up in America laboratories in the Viennese style" interested in Chicago and general. He asked Gottlieb to recommend a candidate, whereupon the Balint named Orban. In 1938 Gottlieb fled the National Socialists to Palestine , where he taught at the Hebrew University in Tel Aviv until 1939 before - after a stopover in England - he emigrated to the USA in Dallas (Texas). According to Driak, he was there from 1939 professor of oral pathology and as head of the Department for Dental Research of the College of Dentistry at Baylor University. According to another source, he became a fellow at the Kellogg Foundation in Battle Creek, Michigan in 1940 and visiting professor at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor until he was appointed professor of oral pathology in 1941 and headed the Department for Dental Research at Baylor College, Dallas took over. In addition to the feeling of being uprooted from his old homeland, Gottlieb had to struggle with many problems in his new position, because he did not have the usual laboratory equipment as in Vienna and could hardly fall back on financial support. The College of Dentistry at Baylor University received some of the financial support from the Kellogg Foundation.

What is remarkable about his research is the rejection of Miller’s thesis on the origin of dental caries . In contrast to Willoughby D. Miller , Gottlieb found that carious tooth enamel is even more resistant to acid than healthy enamel. He developed the “ proteolysis theory” of the development of caries. Nevertheless, he advocated the use of fluoride against tooth decay, but more in the sense of obliterating the enamel crystal gaps . With a critical review of Gottlieb's "Dental Caries", Friedrich Proell made this monograph known to a dental readership in Germany in 1949 and thus contributed to the early enthusiasm for the possibilities of caries prophylaxis with fluorides in Germany.

Gottlieb wrote his most important scientific work on the discovery of the epithelial attachment, on the biology of the tooth element, on enamel lamellae and caries, on the diffuse atrophy of the alvaolar bone, on paradental pyorrhea (1925) and alveolar atrophy, on experiments relating to root canal treatment, on experimental studies of tissue changes and the changes in tissues when the teeth are excessively stressed (1931).

He was invited to give lectures in Rome in the spring of 1950, but died on March 16, 1950 at the age of 65 in Dallas.

Honor

The Vienna Clinic for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine was renamed the Bernhard Gottlieb University Dental Clinic on July 1, 2005 . The laudation said: "In recognition of the outstanding scientific achievements of the old Austrian Bernhard Gottlieb (1885–1950), who came from Galicia and was one of the world's most important dentists as a specialist in periodontal disease in the 1930s, the university dental clinic has now the name" Bernhard Gottlieb University Dental Clinic "given [...] Gottlieb's importance is to be seen in addition to his successes in basic research above all in his love for his native roots and is therefore particularly predestined to be the namesake for the University Clinic for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine."

At the same time, the Bernhard Gottlieb Medal was donated, which is awarded every two years to personalities who have rendered outstanding services to the Vienna Dental Clinic.

On July 2, 2016, the former “Bernhard Gottlieb Dental Clinic” was renamed “ University Dental Clinic Vienna ” in analogy to all other clinics of the Medical University of Vienna “in the sense of an internationally clear recognizability” according to the university’s organizational plan. Bernhard Gottlieb is honored at the University Dental Clinic with its own plaque on the facade and a showroom in the entrance area. A special ceremony for this is planned as part of the "dies academicus", the day of the Medical University, on March 12, 2020. "

Honorary positions and awards

  • 1925 President of the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI)
  • 1936 Miller Prize from the FDI
  • 1982 Hall of Fame at Baylor College of Dentistry in Dallas
  • 2005 Designation of the Vienna University Dental Clinic as "Bernhard Gottlieb University Dental Clinic"
  • Honorary doctorate from
    • University of Bonn
    • Loyola University, Chicago
  • Corresponding member of the Royal Society of Medicine, London,
  • Honorary member of the
    • Nederlandsch Tandheelkundig Genootschap
    • Allied Dental Council, New York,
    • British Dental Association,
    • Société Odontologique de Paris,
    • Swedish Dental Society
    • Hungarian Dental Society,
    • Dental Association in Caracas, Venezuela,
  • Fellow of the
    • American Academy of Periodontology,
    • of the Nippon Dental Association, Japan
    • of the Vienna Dental Society

Publications (selection)

  • Dirt pyorrhea, parental pyorrhea, and alveolar atrophy; Clinic, etiology, prophylaxis and therapy, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin, Vienna, 1925.
  • with Balint Orban : Biology and pathology of the tooth and its supporting mechanism, translated and edited by Moses Diamond, Macmillan, New York, 1938.
  • Dental caries; its etiology, pathology, clinical aspects and prophylaxis, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1947
  • with Seth Lee Barron and J. Hobson Crook, Endodontia, Mosby, St. Louis, 1950
  • Daniel A. Grant, Irving B. Stern, Max A. Listgarten, Periodontics in the tradition of Gottlieb and Orban, Mosby, St. Louis, 6th edition 1988.
  • with Balint Orban, Moses Diamond: Biology and pathology of the tooth and its supporting mechanism, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1938.
  • with Balint Orban: Inflammation of the gums and loosening of the teeth, Berlinische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1933.
  • with Balint Orban: The changes in tissue when the teeth are exposed to excessive stress, Georg Thieme Verlag, Leipzig, 1931.
  • Dentistry in individual phases, Haaretz Press, Tel-Aviv, 1947
  • Propagator methods for mesoscopic tunneling using the example of the scanning tunneling microscope, Munich, Technische Universiẗät
  • with Leo Fleischmann: Contributions to the histology and pathogenesis of alveolar pyorrhea, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin, 1920.
  • The treatment of the so-called alveolar pyorrhea and other paradentoses, 1924
  • The epithelial attachment of the tooth, 1921
  • Paradental pyorrhea of ​​rat-molars
  • The etilology and prophylaxis of tooth-caries
  • Histological examination of a healed tooth-fracture: a further contribution to the biology of teeth, 1922
  • The histological structure of guinea-pig molars and their fastening apparatus, 1923
  • The diffuse atrophy of the alveolar bone; further contributions to the knowledge of alveolar atrophy and its reparation by cementgrowth

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Balint Orbán: Bernhard Gottlieb. Österr Z Stomatol. (1950) 47 (6) pp. 287-289.
  2. ↑ F. Driak: Professor Dr. Bernhard Gottlieb + . German dentist Magazine 5 (July 1950) 746
  3. ↑ northwest Kremenak, CA Squier: Pioneers in biology orally: The migrations of Gottlieb, Kronfeld, Orban, Weinmann, and safe from Vienna to America. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 8: 2 (1997) 108
  4. ^ Kellogg Foundation: The first twenty-five years, 1930–1955. The Story of a Foundation. Battle Creek 1956, p. 247
  5. ^ B. Gottlieb: A new concept of the caries problem and its clinical application. Part I IN J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 31 (November 1, 1944) p. 1489; Part II IN J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 31 (December 1, 1944) p. 1598.
  6. ^ Bernhard Gottlieb: A new theory of tooth decay. In: Scientific American. Volume 179, Number 4, October 1948, ISSN  0036-8733 , pp. 20-23, PMID 18884640 .
  7. ↑ B. Gottlieb: Dental Caries. Lea and Febiger 1947, chap. 10
  8. ^ F. Proell: Gottlieb's "Dental Caries". Dental Rundschau 58: 9 (May 5, 1949) pp. 137–143 and 58:10 (May 20, 1949) pp. 165–167
  9. ↑ see e.g. B. Walter Drum : The scientific basis of hardening of the mouthguard. Berlinische Verlagsanstalt 1949, p. 28
  10. ↑ Österreichische Zeitschrift für Stomatologie, vol. 47, issue 6 (1950), p. 287
  11. ↑ University News . German dentist Magazine 5 (1950) 452
  12. ↑ History of the day . German dentist Magazine 5 (1950) 635
  13. ↑ Press release - The University Clinic for Dental; Oral and maxillofacial medicine becomes the Bernhard Gottlieb Universitätszahnklinik GesmbH, Medical University of Vienna, June 30, 2005.
  14. ↑ a b History of the University Dental Clinic Vienna , University Dental Clinic Vienna. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
personal data
SURNAME Gottlieb, Bernhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gottlieb, Berisch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian dentist
DATE OF BIRTH July 14, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Kuty
DATE OF DEATH March 16, 1950
Place of death Dallas