Aleksandar Malinov

Aleksandar Malinov

Aleksandar Pavlov Malinow ( Bulgarian Александър Павлов Малинов ; born May 3, 1867 in Moldova , †  March 20, 1938 in Sofia ) was a Bulgarian politician and three-time Prime Minister .

biography

Studies and professional career

Malinov graduated from Kiev University with a law degree , which he graduated in 1891. He then worked as a public prosecutor and later as a lawyer in Plovdiv .

Member of Parliament, Party Chairman and Speaker of Parliament

In 1901 he was elected for the first time for a short time as a member of the National Assembly, where he was a representative of the Democratic Party ( Democratičeska Partija ) founded in 1896 for almost a year .

In 1903 he succeeded Petko Karawelow as chairman of the Democratic Party. He held this office until his death and was then replaced by his long-time party friend Nikola Muschanov .

In 1908 he was re-elected as a member of the National Assembly, to which he now belonged from the 14th to the end of the 23rd electoral term in 1934.

In his last electoral term he was also President of the National Assembly from October 15, 1931 to May 18, 1934.

Prime Minister from 1908 to 1911 and complete independence from the Ottoman Empire

On January 29, 1908, Prince and later Tsar Ferdinand I appointed him Prime Minister of the Principality of Bulgaria, which at that time still had to pay tribute to the Ottoman Empire, as the successor to Petar Gudew . During his term of office, which lasted until March 29, 1911, he was also Foreign Minister from September 5, 1909 to March 16, 1911.

The uprising of the Young Turks under the leadership of Enver Pascha and Talaat Pascha against the absolutist ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Abdülhamid II , in July 1908 led to Prince Ferdinand and he declaring complete independence from the Ottoman Empire on October 5, 1908 founded the tsarist empire Bulgaria.

During his tenure, he implemented a few but important reforms such as the partial abolition of press censorship , which was introduced by the Liberal Party ( Liberalna Partija - Radoslavisti ) named after its founder and Prime Minister Vasil Radoslawow . In addition, a parliamentary reform was implemented through the introduction of proportional representation and the possibility of dismissing academics was made possible. In addition, in 1911 after 1893, the Tarnowo Constitution was amended for the second time on April 10, 1911.

On March 29, 1911, he was replaced as Prime Minister by Ivan Geschow .

End of the First World War and Prime Minister in 1918

During the First World War , Bulgaria sided with the Central Powers . When the defeat of the Central Powers became apparent, Tsar Ferdinand I dismissed the pro-German Prime Minister Radoslawow .

On June 21, 1918, Malinow became Prime Minister for the second time as his successor and again took over the office of Foreign Minister until October 17, and then that of Minister of Justice.

As Prime Minister he ruled with the support of the liberal and democratic parties. His attempt to negotiate a ceasefire agreement with the Entente powers remained unsuccessful, however, as these negotiations with the previously pro-German Bulgaria refused. For this reason he encouraged the army to continue the fighting, but had to send a delegation to the headquarters of the Entente powers Great Britain and France on September 15, 1918 after the successful offensive of the Entente, which led to the collapse of the Bulgarian front. This delegation actually signed the Thessaloniki armistice on September 29th , which Tsar Ferdinand I viewed as a coup d'état against his government. Malinov reported to the tsar on October 3, 1918, on the terms of the armistice and finally led him to abdicate on October 4, which in his opinion was more successful for the future of Bulgaria.

After the occupation of Dobruja by Romanian troops in November, he finally resigned as Prime Minister on November 28, 1918 and was then replaced by Teodor Teodorow .

When his party and other bourgeois parties supported the regime of Aleksandar Zankow after the coup d'état of June 9, 1923 , he rejected this so-called Democratic Alliance and withdrew into the opposition for the following .

Prime Minister 1931

Malinov did not come back into the limelight until 1931, when, on June 29, as the top candidate of the Democratic Party, he succeeded in forming a ten-member government of the so-called People's Bloc. During his reign he took over the office of foreign minister again.

This party alliance, which in addition to the DP consisted of the Radical Party, the National Liberal Party and the National Building Union ( Българският земеделски народен съюз ) of Prime Minister Aleksandar Stambolijski , who was assassinated in 1923 , had a majority of 150 of the 283 seats in the National Assembly. However, there was soon a government crisis due to the Great Depression , which began with peasant protests.

For this reason, he had to resign on October 12 in favor of his party friend Nikola Muschanov .

literature

• Hans-Joachim Böttcher : Ferdinand von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha 1861–1948 - A cosmopolitan on the Bulgarian throne . Osteuropazentrum Berlin - Verlag (Anthea Verlagsgruppe), Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-89998-296-1 , pp. 205, 209, 224, 253, 332, 335, 338.

Web links

• Biographical information in rulers.org
• Bulgaria 1896-1914
• Bulgaria 1918-1926
• Bulgaria 1926-1934
• Short biography on the homepage of the Democratic Party

Individual evidence

1. ^ President of the National Assembly

predecessor	Office	successor
Petar Todorov Gudew	Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1908–1911	Ivan Geschow
Stefan Paprikow	Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Bulgaria September 18, 1910 - March 29, 1911	Ivan Geschow
Wassil Radoslawow	Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1918	Teodor Teodorow
Wassil Radoslawow	Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Bulgaria June 21, 1918 - October 17, 1918	Nikola Muschanov
Andrei Lyaptschew	Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1931	Nikola Muschanov
Atanas Burow	Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Bulgaria June 29, 1931 - October 29, 1931	Teodor Teodorow