Alexander Naumowitsch Frumkin

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Alexander Naumowitsch Frumkin , Russian Александр Наумович Фрумкин , (born October 24, 1895 in Chișinău ; † May 27, 1976 in Tula ) was a Russian chemist ( electrochemistry ).

Life

Frumkin, who came from a Jewish family, attended high school in Odessa . From 1912 he studied chemistry with Volkmar Kohlschütter in Strasbourg and Bern and from 1915 with Alexander Sachanow at the University of Odessa , where he received his habilitation in 1919 (Russian doctorate). A first publication took place in 1914. From 1916 he worked in the laboratory of a steel mill in Odessa, where his interest in electrochemistry began. From 1920 to 1922 he was a professor at the Institute for Popular Education in Odessa and from 1922 head of the surfaces department at the Physico-Chemical Institute Karpow in Moscow, whose director he became in 1929. In 1930 he became professor of electrochemistry at Lomonosov University , where he founded the electrochemistry department and headed it until his death. During the Second World War , he headed a laboratory at the Institute for Colloid and Electrochemistry of the Academy of Sciences . In 1945 it was renamed the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Frumkin became its director. From 1958 he was director of the Institute for Electrochemistry of the Academy of Sciences.

He dealt with electrochemical processes at surfaces and interfaces. In 1919 he investigated electrocapillary processes on electrodes, including the electrical double layers at the boundary between electrode and solution. The publication about it ( electrocapillary phenomena and electrode potentials 1919) ranked him among the leading electrochemists in Russia. Later he turned to kinetic processes at the electrodes (electron transfer, etc.). He made significant contributions to the theory of electrode potential . In the 1960s he dealt with polarography .

He received the Stalin Prize three times, the Red Banner of Labor three times, the Order of Lenin three times , the Lenin Prize in 1931 and became a hero of socialist labor in 1965 . He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1956 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1956 he was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR and an external member since 1969 . He had been an honorary doctor of the Technical University of Dresden since 1958 . The Saxon Academy of Sciences , he belonged since 1966 as a corresponding member. In 1969 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and in 1970 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

literature

  • Entry in Winfried Pötsch, Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexicon of important chemists, Harri Deutsch 1989

Fonts (selection)

  • Kinetics of Electrode Processes, Moscow 1952 (Russian: Кинетика электродных процессов, Kinetika ėlektrodnych processov)
  • The adsorption of organic compounds at the metal / electrolyte solution interface and their effect on electrochemical processes, Nova Acta Leopoldina, Volume 19, 1957
  • Publisher: Soviet Electrochemistry, 3 volumes, New York: Consultants Bureau, 1961

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Member entry of Aleksandr N. Frumkin at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 24, 2015.
  2. ^ Members of the previous academies. Alexander Naumowitsch Frumkin. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 26, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Honorary doctorates in mathematics and natural sciences. Technical University of Dresden , accessed on May 31, 2018 .
  4. ^ Members of the SAW: Alexander Naumovič Frumkin. Saxon Academy of Sciences, accessed on October 19, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Frumkin, Alexander Naumowitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian chemist
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Chișinău
DATE OF DEATH May 27, 1976
Place of death Tula