Alexandru Vaida-Voevod

Alexandru Vaida-Voevod

Alexandru Dionisie Vaida-Voevod (born February 27, 1872 in Olpret, Grand Duchy of Transylvania , Hungary , today: Bobâlna , Cluj County , Romania ; † March 19, 1950 in Sibiu , Romania) was a Romanian politician of the Romanian National Party of Hungary and Transylvania ( Partidul Național Român din Ungaria și Transilvania ) and later the National Peasant Party ( Partidul Național-Țărănesc ) , which was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Romania three times from 1919 to 1920, 1932 and 1933 .

Life

Doctor, minister and first term as prime minister 1919 to 1920

Vaida-Voevod began after the visit of the high schools in Bistrita and Brasov a study of medicine at the University of Vienna and study could be after as Balneologe in Carlsbad down. In 1906 he was elected for the Romanian National Party of Hungary and Transylvania PNR ( Partidul Național Român din Ungaria și Transilvania ) member of the Hungarian Diet (Magyar Országgyűlés) , in which he quickly became one of the leading representatives of the Transylvanian movement. In October 1918 he submitted a resolution to the Hungarian Reichstag on the right of Transylvanian Romanians to self-determination , and after the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I, on December 1, 1918, he became a member of the board of directors that administered Transylvania after unification with the Kingdom of Romania . On December 17, 1918 he became Minister without Portfolio for Transylvania in the fifth cabinet of Prime Minister Ion IC Brătianu and held this office between September 27 and November 30, 1919 in the subsequent cabinet of Prime Minister Artur Văitoianu . As such, he took part in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 .

From the elections of November 1919, the PNR led by Iuliu Maniu emerged as the strongest force and received 199 of the 474 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (Adunarea Deputaților) . He then acted as President of the Chamber of Deputies between November 28 and December 1, 1919. Subsequently, Vaida-Voevod took over from Artur Văitoianu for the first time on December 1, 1919, as Prime Minister (Președinții Consiliului de Miniștri) of the Kingdom of Romania and held this office until he was replaced by Alexandru Averescu on March 13, 1920. In his first cabinet he also took over the office of Foreign Minister (Ministru Afacerilor Externe) between December 1, 1919 and March 13, 1920 . During his first term as Prime Minister he was instrumental in the successful negotiations between the unification of Bessarabia and the Kingdom of Romania. In 1920 the annexation of Bessarabia to Romania was recognized as legal by France , the United Kingdom , Italy and Japan in the Paris Treaty . The United States, however, did not recognize this, criticized the non-involvement of the Soviet Union in the negotiations and designated Bessarabia as a territory under Romanian occupation. The Soviet Union did not give up its claim to Bessarabia either. At the same time, his government sent intervention troops to crush the communist, Federal Hungarian Socialist Council Republic led by Béla Kun . His proposal of radical land reform measures ultimately led King Ferdinand I to dismiss his government on March 13, 1920.

Renewed terms of office as Prime Minister in 1932 and 1933

Vaida-Voevod, who in 1926 became a member of the newly founded National Peasant Party ( Partidul Național-Țărănesc ) , took over the post of Interior Minister (Ministru de internal) in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Iuliu Maniu between November 10, 1928 and June 7, 1930 . On June 6, 1932, he replaced Nicolae Iorga again as Prime Minister and held this office until October 19, 1932, after which Iuliu Maniu became Prime Minister for the third time. In his second cabinet, from June 6, 1932 to August 10, 1932, he again held the posts of Foreign Minister, Minister of the Interior and, between June 6 and 9, 1932, as Acting Minister for Labor, Health and Social Welfare (Ministru al Muncii , Sănătății și Ocrotirii Sociale) . In his third cabinet , he was foreign minister from August 11 to October 19, 1932.

As the successor to Iuliu Maniu, Vaida-Voevod was finally Prime Minister for the third time on January 14, 1933 and held the office until he was replaced by Ion G. Duca on November 13, 1933. In his fourth cabinet from June 14 to November 13, 1933 also held the office of Minister for Industry and Trade (Ministru al Industriei și Comerțului) . His last term as Prime Minister was marked by widespread labor unrest and growing fascist activities of the Iron Guard (Garda de Fier) . After his dismissal as prime minister, he himself became increasingly nationalist and resigned from the National Peasant Party in 1935 to found the semi-fascist Romanian Front (Frontul Românesc) . He later joined the King Charles II. Supportive front of national revival FRN (Frontul Renasterii national) at whose president he became. Most recently he was again President of the Chamber of Deputies from June 9, 1939 to September 5, 1940.

Publications

• În luptele noastre naționale , 1904
• Mangra, Tisza și Tribuna , Brașov, 1911
• Jos Austria perfidă , Vienna, 1913
• Ministerial Declaration , Paris, 1920
• Problema frontierelor româneşti , 1924
• Cuvântare către națiunea română , 1937
• Din vremuri grele , 1943
• Memorii , 4 volumes, editor Alexandru Șerban, 1994–1997

Web links

• Entry in rulers.org

Individual evidence

1. ^ Romania: Prime Ministers
2. ^ Romania: Foreign Ministers
3. ↑ CABINET VAIDA-VOEVOD
4. ↑ Marcel Mitrasca: Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian Rule: Diplomatic History from the Archives of the Great Powers , Algora Pub., 2002, ISBN 1-8929-4187-2
5. ^ Romania: Prime Ministers
6. ^ Romania: Foreign Ministers
7. ↑ 2 CABINET VAIDA-VOEVOD 2
8. ^ Romania: Foreign Ministers
9. ↑ 3 CABINET VAIDA-VOEVOD 3
10. ^ Romania: Prime Ministers
11. ↑ 4 CABINET VAIDA-VOEVOD 4