Old winery
The Alte Kellnerei is the only remaining building of the former Electoral Cologne and Electoral Palace Rheinberg in the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Rheinberg on the Lower Rhine . It was erected as a farm building in 1573, largely destroyed during a war in 1598 and rebuilt in 1627. The functionality of the old winery varied from time to time. Today it is listed and is located north of the city center.
history
The Rheinberg, first mentioned in a document in 1003, came into the possession of the Archbishops of Cologne in the 11th century . After the town charter of Rheinberg had been awarded to the Archbishop Heinrich von Molenark in 1233 , the construction of a town fortification began. This was initially only made of wood, but was replaced by basalt , among other things, at the end of the 13th century . Almost at the same time, around 1293, construction began on the electoral palace and the customs tower , known as the Powder Tower , northeast of the city center.
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The castle was surrounded by a moat and had four towers and two drawbridges. The main bridge led to the city, the other to the outbuildings. The winery was built there in 1573 . It served as a grain store for the Rheinberg office's income and was used in the western part as a stables , but initially also as a residence for Salentin von Isenburg . In October 1598 there was an explosion in the Powder Tower during the siege of Rheinberg by the Spaniards under Francisco de Mendoza , in which large parts of the city and castle were destroyed. Only parts of the cellar and a tower remained. Due to further battles, the old winery could not be opened until 1627. It was fundamentally rebuilt. The western section was extended to two and a half storeys and equipped with larger window openings as the apartment of the respective mayor and waiter as well as the electoral Cologne officials, and increasingly also the fortress governors. The eastern part got two floors and was now the armory . Both wings were separated by a massive gable wall . At the time, the city's bleaching facilities were located on the premises of the winery . Military activities were also carried out on these, so there was drills and for a time soldiers' quarters were also on the square.
During the French rule on the Lower Rhine, the heirs of the last waiter, Johann Franz Goebel, bought the winery from the French government and in 1794 it passed into private ownership. Several owners of the building followed in the next century. On May 1, 1911, a private high school for girls opened in the Alte Kellnerei. At the same time, the district court and prison were housed there during a construction phase on the district court building between 1914 and 1916. On the afternoon of October 21, 1917, a fire broke out in the eastern part of the building, which spread quickly due to the hay and straw being stored. Half of the building was destroyed. Around 1924 the wing was rebuilt as a barn with a flatter roof structure. In 1926, the St. Barbara-Garten municipal high school for girls, founded in 1785, moved into the building instead of the private school, which it left four years later.
In 1979 the city of Rheinberg bought the Alte Kellnerei. In September 1984 it was added to the city 's list of monuments and registered as a monument with the number 62.
In 1987, extensive restoration and repair work began on the old cellar, which was completed in September 1994. Since then, the private Rheinberg Music School, the city archive and event and exhibition rooms have been housed in the public building.
description
The old cellar is a two-story brick building .
On a copper engraving made in the 17th century, the old cellar was shown as a single-storey building with a transverse structure in the middle. According to a tradition from the art historian and monument curator Paul Clemen from 1892, confirmed by the Rhenish Office for the Preservation of Monuments , the ground floor had a central entrance and was divided into several side rooms. The windows in the north have side seats and the number 1573 was written above a door in the north, which no longer exists. Of the ornamental decorations of the original Renaissance building , only a few bearing stones with chiseled heads have survived.
Colored wooden beam ceilings from the 17th century were found on the ground floor, unique in this form in the Rhineland, but typical of the interior design from the 16th and 17th centuries on the Lower Rhine. Other ceilings in the building made of poplar wood are in red, blue, green and light gray, some with accompanying stripes. A tendril and a secco painting in a room that was probably used for representative purposes is particularly striking . The colored fresco on the ceiling on a white background consists of attached leaf and flower tendrils , pomegranates and animal motifs such as squirrels, birds and lions' heads. A strip of the secco wall painting, which was applied to dry plaster and which dates from the late 18th century, has survived. In contrast, the walls of the Alte Kellnerei were simply whitewashed.
List of Rheinberger waiters (selection)
The list provides an overview of the selection of waiters in Rheinberg who can be shown to have worked in the Alte Kellnerei, and their chronological order or mention.
| Years | Surname | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1364 | Johann von Xanten | Rentmaster |
| 1392 | Gyso from Ubach | |
| 1399 | Henrich Teykenmeister | |
| 1499 | Johann Alartz | |
| 1522 | Henrich von Grevensteyn | |
| 1539 | Berndt Zeriß from Bruell | |
| 1567 | Merten packs | |
| 1582 | Blomendall | |
| 1631-1633 | Bartholomew Lasalle | |
| 1645 | Wilhelm von Hentzenich | |
| 1650 | Casal | |
| 1665 | Anton Norst | |
| 1667 | Johann Campmann | |
| 1674-1683 | Johann Campmann | |
| 1704 | Johann Lank | also office administrator |
| 1708 | Pure | |
| around 1730/34 | Willberg | carried on by his widow after his death |
| 1772-1774 | Johann Jacob Turck | |
| 1772-1804 | Johann Franz Goebel |
literature
- Franziska Gerk: The Alte Kellnerei in Rheinberg is a quiet contemporary witness . In: Neue Ruhr Zeitung . 2014 ( nrz.de ).
Web links
- Sabine Sweetsir: The Alte Kellnerei in Rheinberg - A building through the ages . City of Rheinberg ( rheinberg.de ; PDF; 45 kB).
- Fraunhofer information center for space and construction on the preservation of monuments in the Rhineland : history , description and floor plan
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Sabine Sweetsir: Rheinberg as the official seat of the Cologne administration. In: The old cellar in Rheinberg. ( PDF ), p. 4.
- ^ Rheinberger Zeitung. No. 10, 1906.
- ↑ a b c Sabine Sweetsir: Old and new on building history. In: The old cellar in Rheinberg. ( PDF ), p. 2.
- ↑ a b c Paul Clemen : The art monuments of the district of Moers . In: Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland . Issue 2 and 4, 1987/1989. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1892.
- ↑ a b Sabine Sweetsir: Old and new on building history . In: The old cellar in Rheinberg. ( PDF ), p. 3.
- ^ Rheinberger Zeitung. October 22, 1917.
- ↑ a b Sabine Sweetsir: The restoration of the old cellar. In: The old cellar in Rheinberg. ( PDF ), p. 1.
- ↑ Old winery. Metropole Ruhr, accessed on September 16, 2012 .
- ↑ Old winery. (No longer available online.) City of Rheinberg, archived from the original on March 17, 2012 ; Retrieved December 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Sabine Sweetsir: The Rheinberger waiter. In: The old cellar in Rheinberg. ( PDF ), pp. 6/7.
Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 54 ″ N , 6 ° 36 ′ 10 ″ E