American black willow
| American black willow | ||||||||||||
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Habitus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Salix nigra | ||||||||||||
| Marshall |
The American black willow or black willow ( Salix nigra ) is a small tree from the genus of willow ( Salix ) with dark brown bark and dark green leaf tops. The natural range of the species is in North America.
description
The American black willow is a tree up to 20 meters high with a rough, dark brown bark and slender, protruding branches. The twigs are yellowish and initially somewhat hairy. The leaves have wide half-heart-shaped stipules and a 3 to 6 millimeter long stem. The leaf blade is 8 to 12 inches long, 0.5 to 2 inches wide, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, pointed, with a wedge-shaped base and finely serrated leaf edge. The upper side of the leaf is dark green and bare, the underside is light green and sometimes slightly hairy along the veins .
3 to 8 centimeters long, cylindrical and stalked catkins are formed as inflorescences . The bracts are light yellow and hairy downy. Male flowers have three to seven stamens . The ovary of female flowers is clearly stalked and glabrous, the stigma is almost sessile. Capsules 3 to 5 millimeters long are formed as fruits . The American black willow flowers from April to May when the leaves shoot.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38.
Occurrence and location requirements
The natural range is in North America and extends from eastern Canada (south of New Brunswick , Ontario and Quebec ) over the east and the middle of the United States to Florida and Texas . The American black willow grows in floodplains and on waterways up to 1400 meters above sea level on fresh to moist, slightly acidic to alkaline subsoil made of sand , gravel or gravel in sunny locations. The species loves warmth and is frost hardy . The distribution area is assigned to winter hardiness zone 4 with mean annual minimum temperatures of −34.4 to −28.9 ° C (−30 to −20 ° F).
Systematics
The American black willow ( Salix nigra ) is a species from the genus of willows ( Salix ) in the willow family (Salicaceae). It was first scientifically described by Humphry Marshall in 1785 . The generic name Salix comes from Latin and was already used by the Romans for various types of willow. The specific epithet nigra also comes from Latin and means "black".
use
The American black willow is rarely used, but it is considered a medicinal plant.
proof
literature
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 584.
- Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 778 .
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 (English).
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 584
- ^ German name according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 778
- ↑ a b Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 778
- ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 584
- ↑ a b c Salix nigra , in Flora of North America , Volume 7
- ↑ a b c Salix nigra . In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed August 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 552
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 419
