Anelloviridae
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Anelloviridae | ||||||||||||||
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The Anelloviridae are a family of DNA viruses . Your genome consists of a ring-shaped (circular) single-stranded DNA of negative polarity . They have a non-enveloped capsid of rounded icosahedral geometry with T = 3 symmetry . Your hosts are vertebrates . About 200 different species are known. The type species is Torque Teno Virus 1 (TTV-1) from the genus Alphatorquevirus, discovered in 1997 .
The name is derived from the Italian anello 'ring' , which refers to the circular genome of the Anelloviridae .
Genome
The genome is not segmented (monopartite), it contains a single molecule of circular single-stranded DNA with negative polarity . The entire genome is 3000-4000 nt long. The genome has open reading frames ( English open reading frames , ORFs) and a high degree of genetic diversity.
Replication
The replication mechanism of the Anelloviridae appears to be the rolling circle replication . A host polymerase is required for replication . The genome of the virus itself does not code for a viral polymerase, which is why the anelloviruses have to replicate in the cell nucleus .
pathology
Anelloviruses are widespread and genetically diverse. At least 200 different species occur in humans and animals. They cause chronic human viral infections that have not previously been linked to any disease. Three genera of the Anelloviridae are associated with human infections :
- the alphatorque virus (obsolete Torque Teno virus , TTV)
- the Betatorquevirus (outdated Torque Teno Mini Virus , TTMV)
- the gammatorque virus (outdated Torque-Teno-Midi-Virus , TTMDV)
Systematics
According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as of March 2019, the internal systematics of the Anelloviridae are as follows:
Family Anelloviridae
- Genus Alphatorquevirus (obsolete Anellovirus , Torque Teno Virus , TTV)
- Species Torque teno virus 1 ( Torque Teno Virus 1 , TTV-1, type species)
- Genus Betatorquevirus (obsolete Torque Teno Mini Virus , TTMV)
- Species Torque teno mini virus 1 ( Torque Teno Mini Virus , TTMV-1, type species)
- Genus Gammatorquevirus (obsolete Torque Teno Midi Virus , TTMDV)
- Species Torque teno midi virus 1 ( Torque-Teno-Midi-Virus 1 , TTMDV-1, type species)
- Genus Deltatorquevirus
- Species Torque teno tupaia virus (type species)
- Genus Epsilontorquevirus
- Species Torque teno tamarin virus (type species)
- Genus Zetatorquevirus
- Species Torque teno douroucouli virus (type species)
- Genus Etatorquevirus
- Species Torque teno felis virus (type species)
- Genus Thetatorquevirus
- Species Torque teno canis virus (type species)
- Genus Iotatorquevirus
- Species Torque teno sus virus 1a (type species)
- Genus Kappatorque Virus
- Species Torque teno sus virus k2a (type species)
- Genus Lambdatorquevirus
- Species Torque teno zalophus virus 1 (type species)
- Genus Mutorquevirus
- Species Torque teno equus virus 1 (type species)
- Genus Nutorquevirusv
- Species Torque teno seal virus 4 (type species)
- Genus Gyrovirus
- Species Chicken anemia virus (type species)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b F. Bernardin, E. Operskalski, M. Busch, E. Delwart: Transfusion transmission of highly prevalent commensal human viruses . In: transfusion . tape 50 , no. 11 , May 2010, p. 2474-2483 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1537-2995.2010.02699.x , PMID 20497515 .
- ↑ a b c ViralZone: Anelloviridae . ExPASy. Accessed August 31, 2019.
- ↑ Vasilyev EV, Trofimov DY, Tonevitsky AG, Ilinsky VV, Korostin DO, Rebrikov DV: Torque Teno Virus (TTV) distribution in healthy Russian population . In: Virology Journal . 6, 2009, p. 134. doi : 10.1186 / 1743-422X-6-134 . PMID 19735552 . PMC 2745379 (free full text).
- ↑ ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.107.0.01. Anellovirus . In: Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed.): ICTVdB — The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Columbia University, New York, USA
- ↑ ICTV : ICTV MSL # 34v 2018b.v2 , March 2019