Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier
Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans (* 29. May 1627 in Paris Louvre , † 5 April 1693 in Paris), Duchess of Montpensier , was the daughter of Gaston, Duke of Orléans , and de Marie Bourbon, duchesse de Montpensier , a Niece of Louis XIII. and cousin of Louis XIV . She was commonly known by the nickname La Grande Mademoiselle .
Life
Six days after the birth of Anne Marie, her mother died, which led to serious allegations against the attending midwife Louyse Bourgeois . Anne Marie was the heir to the wealthy Duchy of Montpensier and, after her mother's death, not only the wealthiest woman in France , but also the second highest ranked woman in the entire French kingdom after the queen.
After the death of Louis XIII. There were various efforts on the part of his wife, Anna of Austria , who exercised the reign of her son Louis XIV , who was still underage at the time, and of the Prime Minister Cardinal Mazarin to marry Anne Marie for the benefit of France to a member of a well-known European noble family . Anne Marie's father Gaston d'Orléans was also keen to get his daughter married on a favorable basis, but had completely opposite ambitions, as he had been fighting - despite his close relationship with the royal family - for some time against its politics of absolutism . But both Cardinal Mazarin and her father did the math without the 16-year-old Duchess, who wanted to determine her future husband herself. It was to be several years before a man found her approval and married Anne Marie.
When she was of legal age in 1648, during the Fronde , she sided with Louis II. De Bourbon , Prince of Condé , and thus against the royal family. She didn't just do this with good words. The story is famous and notorious to this day that she allowed herself to be carried away by personally firing cannons against the army of Mazarin and the young King Louis XIV. After the cardinal was finally able to put down the uprisings in 1653, Anne Marie was banished from court and sent into exile in Saint-Fargeau for five years .
After her return in 1657, her father died in 1660, and soon another debate broke out in the French royal court regarding Anne Marie's marriage. When she resisted her cousin Ludwig's "wish" to marry the King of Portugal , he was exiled to Saint-Fargeau for another year in 1663 as a punishment.
During her time in Paris, she ran a salon , whose regular guests included her younger half-sister Marguerite Louise d'Orléans .
At almost forty, Marie Anne met the man whom she married after a few mistakes: Antonin Nompar de Caumont , Marquis of Puyguilhem and Duke of Lauzun, officer in the royal guard. But Louis XIV revoked his initial consent to the wedding; What's more, Antoine was arrested and thrown in prison. Anne Marie had to transfer a not inconsiderable share of her property to her cousin's children in order to have her lover released in 1681.
The two secretly married shortly after Antoine's release, but the now 57-year-old quickly realized that their marriage was anything but the paradise she had dreamed of. After only three years, she left her husband in 1684.
Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans spent the last years of her life finishing her memoir , which she began more than 30 years ago and was published in Amsterdam after her death in 1729 .
Works
- Mémoires . Mercure de France, Paris 2005, ISBN 2-7152-2521-0 .
literature
- Christian Bouyer: La grande Mademoiselle. Anne Marie Louise d'Orleans, duchesse de Montpensier . Albin, Paris 1986, ISBN 2-226-02712-2 .
- Jean Garapon: La culture d'une princesse. Écriture et autoportrait dans l'œuvre de la Grande Mademoiselle . Champion, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-7453-0832-7 .
- Vita Sackville-West : daughter of France. The adventurous life of Anne Marie Louise d'Orleans, Duchess of Montpensier . Wegner, Hamburg 1960.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vincent Joseph Pitts: La Grande Mademoiselle at the Court of France. Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-6466-6 , p. 159; Renate Baader : Dames de lettres. Authors of the precious, highly aristocratic and “modern” salon 1649–1698: Mlle de Scudéry, Mlle de Montpensier, Madame d'Aulnoy. Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-476-00609-3 , passim
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Montpensier, Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, duchesse de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Orléans, Anne Marie Louise d '; La Grande Mademoiselle |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duchess of Montpensier, niece of Louis XIII, cousin of Louis XIV. |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 29, 1627 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 5, 1693 |
| Place of death | Paris |