Ansob
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Ansob Анзоб |
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| State : |
 Tajikistan
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| Province : | Sughd | ||
| Coordinates : | 39 ° 10 ' N , 68 ° 49' E | ||
| Height : | 2300 m | ||
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Ansob ( Tajik Анзоб ), also Anzob , is a village and the capital of the subdistrict of the same name ( dschamoat ) in the district ( nohija ) Aini in the Sughd province in northwest Tajikistan . Ansob is the largest town in the Jaghnob valley and is located on the hardly used road over the 3337 meter high Ansob pass, where the Ansob tunnel now connects the capital Dushanbe with the north-western parts of the country. The nearby Anzob MCF is the largest ore processing plant in the country that processes ore containing mercury and antimony from the Shishikrut deposit in the Hissar Mountains .
location
Ansob is located at an altitude of around 2300 meters in a mountain region north of the state capital Dushanbe, which is characterized by several mountain chains running parallel from east to west and deeply cut river valleys in between. The mountain peaks are usually higher than 3500 meters and several peaks of the Serafschankette are over 5000 meters high. The Serafshan chain is bordered in the north by the valley of the Serafshan and in the south by the valley of the Jaghnob. To the south of the Jaghnob valley, several mountain chains form a sparsely populated fold mountain range , which is divided by the two river valleys of the Sardai-Mijona and the Sorbo (Sarvo), which flow together at Romit to form the Kofarnihon .
The origin of the Jaghnob is formed by glacier streams near the 5086 meter high Samarqand summit around 80 kilometers east of Ansob as the crow flies. The valley, which is deeply cut and narrowed in several places to a rocky gorge, can only be reached in the upper area on a path that runs along the valley slope. The road to the east, built by Ansob in 1990, leads through Margib, the largest village in the upper Jaghnobtal, nine kilometers from Ansob, and ends after another 16 kilometers at Bedew at the entrance to a gorge.
The road to Margib branches four kilometers east of Ansob from the old road over the Ansob pass. The pass of the old road is 20 kilometers away from Ansob; from there it is another 90 kilometers to Dushanbe. The unpaved pass road is difficult to drive and occasionally blocked by landslides. From December to May, the pass and thus the only road connection between the central parts of the country and the northern province of Sughd is closed.
Since the completion of the Ansob tunnel, the pass road has not been or has hardly been maintained. The construction of the five-kilometer-long tunnel that crosses the mountain range west of the pass began according to plans from the 1970s in the last years of the socialist era . After the country gained independence in 1991, work came to a standstill. With Iranian help, work on the tunnel was resumed in 2003 and completed in 2006. The Ansob tunnel can be used normally after the road surface has been renovated and lighting has been installed. There is no tunnel ventilation (as of 2017).
The M34 trunk road leading over the mountain leads north of the tunnel in serpentines down into the Jaghnobtal and reaches the river at the village of Takfon and the old pass road coming from Ansob 14 kilometers away. At the place Serafshan-1 (Sarwoda), about seven kilometers downstream from Takfon, the Jaghnob flows into the Fandarja . The road follows this river to Aini and continues through the Schahriston Tunnel , which was opened in 2012, over the Turkestan chain into the Fergana Valley to Khujand . Before 2012, the Jaghnobtal was also inaccessible from the north in the winter months and was therefore completely cut off from the outside world.
Townscape
Ansob is a street village that extends on the right (northern) bank of the Jaghnob and the center of which is just under two kilometers west of the road bridge and the junction there into the upper Jaghnob valley. The economy of the place is based on cattle breeding (sheep and cattle) and a few terraced or steep fields on the slopes, on which mainly cereals, vegetables (potatoes, carrots) and apricots thrive for self-sufficiency. The walls of the picturesque farmsteads stretching from the narrow valley floor to the almost bare slopes are mostly made of unplastered field stones. The roofs of the flat-roofed houses and stables serve as storage for hay, which is fed to the animals in winter, and for dung, which is dried as fuel. The poplars planted around the houses and along the street provide construction timber. The only small grocery store is in the group of houses on the bridge. The geological peculiarity of Ansob is a column or mushroom formation ( hoodoo ) consisting of stones and baked lime earth , which can be seen on the steep slope at the western end of the village.
At the end of the 19th century there were 357 or 387 inhabitants in Ansob. In August 1898, a boy died of the plague in the village of Marzich, 20 kilometers west of Ansob . The epidemic spread quickly in the area and by October 3 of that year 237 people, around three quarters of all residents of Ansob, had died of the plague. All villages on the Jaghnob and in a wide belt until shortly before Dushanbe were then evacuated to prevent further spread. The plague dead were buried in two cemeteries near the rock column.
In the early 1970s were all residents of Jaghnobtals, Tajiks and yaghnobi people in the north to Safarobod (north of istaravshan forcibly relocated) to work in the lowlands of Ferghanatals in the cotton fields. Today there are around 6500 hunting tops there. Since the 1990s, some of the resettled have returned to the valley. Jaghnoben, who speak their own language ( Jaghnobi ), live in four settlements in the valley east of Ansob.
Mining
Around 100 of over 500 ore deposits located in Tajikistan have been or are being mined. The largest deposit is Shishikrut (Жижикрут) with reserves of over 6.2 million tons of mercury and 183,300 tons of antimony . The antimony ore contains over 15 percent metal. Shishikrut belongs to the Hissor-Serafshan-Antimony-Mercury Belt and is only exploited by the Anzob MCF ( Anzob Ore Mining ) company. The deposit was discovered in 1940 and explored between 1945 and 1959. Commercial mining began in 1954. Ansob Mining Company was established in 1970. During the Soviet period, all of the ore was transported to Kyrgyzstan and processed there. In 2005 the operators agreed a joint venture with the American mining company Comsap , which invested ten million US dollars to build a processing plant. This is located at Takfon on the M34, around 13 kilometers west of Ansob. The antimony concentrate produced there is mainly exported to China for further processing. In 2011, Anzob MCF produced 9,825 tons of metal, 5.7 percent of the world's antimony production. Besides the aluminum smelter TALCO in Tursunsoda, Anzob MCF is one of the few metal ore processing companies in Tajikistan.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Anzob. In: Kamoludin Abdullaev, Shahram Akbarzadeh: Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Scarecrow Press, Lanham (Maryland), 2010, p. 61
- ^ Robert Middleton, Huw Thomas: Tajikistan and the High Pamirs . Odyssey Books & Guides, Hong Kong 2012, p. 128
- ↑ Gian Pietro Basello, Paolo Ognibene: A black dog from Marzic: legends and facts about Anzob plague. In: Antonio Panaino, Andrea Gariboldi, Paolo Ognibene (Eds.): Yaghnobi Studies I. Papers from the Italian Missions in Tajikistan. Mimesis, Milan 2013, pp. 90-92
- ^ Daniel Paul, Elisabeth Abbess, Katja Müller, Calvin Tiessen, Gabriela Tiessen: The Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Yaghnobi. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. SIL International, 2010, p. 4f
- ↑ Mining . In: Kamoludin Abdullaev, Shahram Akbarzadeh: Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Scarecrow Press, Lanham (Maryland), 2010, p. 236
- ↑ antimony treatment plant Anzob, Tadschikistan. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials (photo); Comsap . Mining Atlas (location)
- ↑ Anzob MCF. ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Tajikistan
- ↑ Raw material risk assessment for antimony. 18 DERA Raw Material Information, German Raw Material Agency, September 2013, p. 39f
- ^ Tajikistan Mining Laws and Regulations Handbook. Volume 1. Strategic Information and Regulations. International Business Publications, Washington 2008, p. 52
