Antoine Germain Labarraque

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Antoine Germain Labarraque

Antoine Germain Labarraque (born March 28, 1777 in Oloron-Sainte-Marie , † December 9, 1850 in Galluis near Montfort-l'Amaury ) was a French chemist and pharmacist . He became known for the Labarraque water ( Eau de Labarraque ) named after him , a bleaching agent and disinfectant .

life and work

Labarraque was born in Oloron-Sainte-Marie at the foot of the Pyrenees as the son of François Labarraque (1733–1802) and Christine Sousbielle (1743–1781). In 1790 he did an apprenticeship with a pharmacist named Preville in Orthez for more than two years , then in 1793 at the age of 16 he was drafted into the French Revolutionary Army (West Pyrenees Army, Armée des Pyrénées Occidentales) with the Grenadiers des la Tour d'Auvergne . On the battlefield promoted to sergeant, he was then chief pharmacist of the military hospital in Bera, Spain . On July 12, 1795, at the age of 18, after recovering from typhoid fever , which he successfully fought with lots of medication, he quit military service and went on to do an apprenticeship with Jean-Antoine Chaptal at the Féau pharmacy in Montpellier for two years .

Labarraque then moved to Paris, where he worked as a pharmacist in the office of the widow of Bertrand Pelletier and at the College of Pharmacy with Louis Dominique Guiard (1763-1846), his father Louis Jacques Guiard (1731-1818), Jean-Pierre René Chéradame (1738-1824), Simon Morelot (1751-1809) and Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829). On June 8, 1805 he graduated as a pharmacist and in the same year he published his works Sur la dissolution du phosphore ( On the dissolution of phosphorus ) and Sur les électuaires ( About the Latwerge ). On January 23, 1808, he married Isabelle-Adélaïde Vaudé (1784–1876) in Paris, the couple had two children, Marie-Louise Labarraque (* 1808) and Henri Labarraque (1810–1885). The following year he opened a pharmacy at 65 rue Saint Martin in Paris. In 1809 he became a member of the Society for Pharmacy and Medicine ( Sociétés de Phamacie et de Médecine ) because of his lecture Sur les teintures alcooliques et quelques expériences sur la teinture alcoolique de benjoin ( The alcoholic tinctures and some experiments with the alcoholic tincture from benzoin ). In his new field of activity, Labarraque was a member of several commissions to review the presentations submitted to the society. In 1824 he was able to smell the putrefactive smells on the body of the late King Louis XVIII. push back with a cloth dipped in chlorinated water, which he was ordered to embalm . In 1825 he was honored by the Academy of Sciences ( Académie des Sciences ) with the Montyon Prize of 3,000 Francs (after the French philanthropist Jean Baptiste Antoine Auget de Montyon (1733-1820)), a year later by the Académie de Marseille with a medal for his work on the use of chlorides in hygiene and therapy was excellent.

Further memberships followed: 1824 Académie nationale de Médecine , 1827 Legion of Honor (Légion d'Honneur) and 1836 Council for Public Hygiene and Health of the Départment Seine ( Conseil d'Hygiène publique et de salubrité du département de la Seine ). In 1840 Labarraque returned to Oléron and was highly honored by the city council and pharmacists' guild. Soon after, for health reasons, he sold his pharmacy and the license to use his products to his daughter and son-in-law Louis-René Le Canu, who then sold them to the Frère family. Antoine Germain Labarraque died at the age of 73 as a result of a stroke suffered in 1846 in Galluis (then the Seine-et-Oise department (since 1968 the Yvelines department near Montfort-l'Amaury ) on December 9, 1850. 1945 he was sent to the Père cemetery Lachaise in Paris transferred and buried.

Antoine Germain Labarraque's research provided calcium chlorides and hypochlorites as well as the corresponding sodium compounds (sodium hypochlorite), which were used in Europe and some overseas countries for routine disinfection and deodorization of latrines, sewer systems, slaughterhouses, anatomy rooms and morgues, and were also successfully used in hospitals, military hospitals and prisons were used in exhumations, embalming and disease control. The use of hypochlorites in human medicine and water purification are the most important results of Labarraque's work.

The Labarraque water (Liqueur de Labarraque)

The high demand for the processing of animal entrails for the production of musical instrument strings , gold bat skins and other products, so far carried out in so-called boyauderies (literally: intestines from French le boyau - the intestine) under appalling conditions (stench, dirt, risk of epidemics and infection), called for improved methods and working conditions. Around 1820, the Society for the Promotion of National Industry ( Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale ) offered a prize for the discovery of a chemical or mechanical method for the maceration - and rot-free separation of the peritoneal membrane of animal intestines in the intestinal factories ( Un procédé chimique ou mécanique pour enlever la membrane muqueuse des intestins traités dans les boyauteries, sans employer la macération et en s'opposant à la putréfaction. Décrire la manière de preparer les boyaux par insufflation ). Labarraque experimented with sodium, potassium and calcium solutions of oxygen-containing chlorine salts (hypochlorites, chlorites, chlorates, perchlorates) of various compositions and found that a calcium hypochlorite solution works better than the already known Eau de Javel (sodium hypochlorite), but only a slower detachment of the Intestinal mucosa causes. For this he used Eau de Javel , which was cheaper to buy than potassium salt solutions. Labarraque was able to show how chlorine in the given form can be used both to fumigate the workshops and to detach the membranes from one another, without releasing unpleasant odors. He referred to the great preparatory work of other scientists such as Claude-Louis Berthollet and won the prize of 1,500 francs . His discovery was named Labarraque water - Eau de Labarraque - in his honor .

Works by AG Labarraque (selection)

  • L'Art du Boyaudier (Paris 1822).
  • De l'emploi des chlorures d'oxide de sodium et de chaux. (Paris 1825).
  • On the disinfecting properties of Labarraque's preparations of chlorine (translated into English by James Scott, published by S. Highley, London 1828).
  • Manière de se servir du chlorure d'oxyde de sodium soit pour panser les plaies de mauvaise nature, soit comme moyen d'assainissement des lieux insalubres et de désinfection des matières animales (Paris 1825).
  • Note on une asphyxia produite par les émanations des materiaux retirés d'une fosse d'aisance; suivant d'Expériences sur les moyens de désinfection propres à prévenir de pareils accidents (Paris 1825).
  • Sur la preparation des chlorures désinfectants (Paris 1826).
  • Report au conseil de salubrité de Paris sur l'exhumation des cadavres déposés en juillet 1832 dans les caveaux de l'église Saint-Eustache .

literature

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maurice Bouvet: Les grands pharmaciens: Labarraque (1777-1850). Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie Année (1950) Volume 38 Numéro 128 pp. 97-107
  2. ↑ Genealogy of the parents
  3. ^ Biographical data of his family
personal data
SURNAME Labarraque, Antoine Germain
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French chemist and pharmacist
DATE OF BIRTH March 28, 1777
PLACE OF BIRTH Oloron-Sainte-Marie
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1850
Place of death Galluis near Montfort-l'Amaury