Apple rose

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Apple rose
Apple rose (Rosa villosa)

Apple rose ( Rosa villosa )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Section : Dog roses ( Caninae )
Type : Apple rose
Scientific name
Rosa villosa
L.

The apple Rose ( Rosa villosa ) is a species of the section of the dog roses from the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). Their common name apple rose refers to their edible rose hips .

description

Illustration from Flora Batava ... , Volume 14

The apple rose is a densely branched, compact shrub that reaches heights of 1.5 to 2 meters and often forms subterranean runners . The bark of the branches is dark brown and smooth. The bark of the younger branches is reddish, slightly frosted and mostly hairy velvety soft. The spines are similar, have a rounded, only 1 to 4 millimeter long attachment surface and are mostly straight. Only on the upper branches are they sometimes unequal and sometimes also needle-shaped or bristle-shaped.

The alternately arranged leaves are unpaired pinnate five or seven pinnate leaves. The leaflets are elongated-elliptical, 1 to 4 centimeters long, 0.5 to 2 centimeters wide, sharp and almost always double serrated, usually softly hairy and silky shiny on both sides, and usually densely glandular and slightly on the underside haired.

The flowering time is in June and July. One to three flowers stand together in an umbel-like inflorescence . The flower stalk has a length of 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters, is densely covered with stem glands and spiked bristles. The hermaphroditic flowers are up to 5 centimeters in diameter and are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The petiole is as long as the spherical goblet. The sepals are 1.5 to 2.5 inches long and all undivided or the outer have one to three pairs of filamentous pinna. They straighten up according to the crown and do not fall off. The five free carmine-red or pink petals are the same length as the sepals.

The rose hip is spherical-egg-shaped, up to 2.5 centimeters long, bright red in color and softly prickly. The “pulp” is pulpy and has a pleasantly sour taste.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Occurrence

The apple rose is widespread in large parts of Europe and is mainly found in mountain regions. Their distribution area extends from the Iberian Peninsula to Asia Minor , Iran and the Caucasus . In the north it can be found in Scandinavia, in the south in the central Apennines and Montenegro. It is rare in Central Europe . B. in the western lowlands and in southern Germany.

The apple rose grows on rocky slopes, on piles of stones and in hedges. It thrives best on calcareous and stony soils poor in fine earth . It inhabits dry forests , dry bushes and stone bars. It is a character species of the Berberidion association, but also occurs in associations of the Cytiso-Pinion, Erico-Pinion or Quercion pubescentis associations.

Systematics

The first publication of Rosa villosa was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms of Rosa villosa L. are: Rosa pomifera Herrm. , Rosa sancti-andreae Degen & Trautm.

Rosa villosa belongs to the sub-section Vestitae (also called felt roses) from the Caninae section in the sub-genus Rosa within the genus Rosa . Closely related European species from the sub-section felt roses ( Vestitae ) are apple rose ( Rosa villosa ), velvet rose ( Rosa sherardii ) and soft rose ( Rosa mollis ).

Rosa villosa often crosses with Rosa mollis .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Apple-Rose. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c Gunter Steinbach (Ed.): Shrub trees (Steinbach's natural guide). Mosaik Verlag GmbH, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10560-3 .
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 567.
  4. ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2, 2nd revised edition. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  5. ↑ Data sheet felt roses with Rosa villosa at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ) by Thomas Meyer.
  6. ↑ Alexandra Kellner, Christiane M. Ritz, Volker Wissemann: Low genetic and morphological differentiation in the European species complex of Rosa sherardii, R. mollis and R. villosa (Rosa section Caninae subsection Vestitae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 174, 2014, pp. 240-256. Full text online.
  7. ^ Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson: Roses: the great encyclopedia / The Royal Horticultural Society; Translation by Susanne Bonn; Editor: Agnes Pahler; Starnberg: Dorling Kindersley, 2004, p. 412, ISBN 3-8310-0590-7

Web links

Commons : Apple Rose ( Rosa villosa )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files