Arabic hip hop
Arabic hip-hop is hip-hop music and culture of Arabic (speaking) origin. There is Arabic hip-hop in Arabic or Arabic dialects, in English , New Hebrew , French and other languages.
In the Maghreb already a hip-hop scene, has developed since about 1990 in the Middle East since the late 90s. Arab hip-hop music is now heard and produced throughout the MENA region . Some hip-hoppers move underground as critical voices are censored in many countries . Depending on the country, local rap is distributed and heard online via streaming services , or played on the radio and broadcast on television.
Algeria
Probably the first surviving Algerian rap song "Jaula fi-'l-lail" ( Arabic جولة في الليل, DMG Ǧaula fi-'l-lail 'Nachtspaziergang'), rapped by Hamidou (Ahmed Takdjout), dates back to 1985. The Algerian rap scene then developed in the early 1990s in the major cities of Algiers , Oran , Annaba and Constantine . The emergence of Algerian rapeseed was favored by political unrest in 1988 , the subsequent introduction of the multi-party system and the establishment of local radio stations. Another reason for the rapid spread of rap could be that there are many similarities between rap and Algerian Raï : Both forms of music, for example, give the oppressed a voice, are perceived as authentic and use unfiltered dialect expressions.
Well-known Algerian rappers are Didin Klach (La Canon 16), Lotfi Double Kanon, Rilès (Berber origin), Intik , MBS , Hamma, Hood Killer, City 16, K2c, Senseman, Rim K, George Saoud, Sam Dex, Aissa and MIA .
Bahrain
DJ Outlaw comes from Bahrain .
Egypt
Newer and more successful groups are MTM from Egypt who use Egyptian Arabic in their songs. The band name is made up of the initials of the members who met in Alexandria in 1997 : Mikey (* 1980), Taki (* 1982) and Mahmoud (* 1981). Jaffa Phonix , founded in 2003 (by two Palestinian refugees), is an electro / hop band that sings in Palestinian Arabic. The Arabian Knightz have also gained fame.
Iraq
NiZ-R is an Iraqi rapper who lives in Jordan and raps in both Iraqi and Lebanese Arabic.
Kuwait
There is a popular hip hop band called Army of One that sings in English. She has just released her album Reprezentin , which is being marketed successfully in the region.
Lebanon
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The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) and other military conflicts, such as the Lebanon War (2006) , delayed the development of a Lebanese hip-hop scene for a long time. It wasn't until the early 2000s that the first rap albums were released in Lebanon. Among the pioneers at the time was, for example, the Aks'Ser group ( Arabic عكس السير). This was founded by two rappers from Beirut , who deal a lot with the Lebanese civil war in their lyrics. Other notable rappers from the early days of Lebanese hip-hop are Clotaire K and Rayess Bek , an Aks'Ser member who then started a solo career. The twin brothers Omar and Mohammad Kabbani can also be mentioned, who both rap and produce street art under the name Ashekman .
The Beirut-based rapper Mad Prophet estimated the size of the scene at a maximum of 30 rappers nationwide in 2015. The geographical center of hip-hop culture in Lebanon is Beirut, with rappers in Lebanon also having strong connections to the general hip-hop scene in the Levant , Israel / the Palestinian Territories , Jordan and Syria , but also to Egypt and the Arabs Maintain Gulf States.
A lively battle rap scene has developed in Lebanon since 2013 at the latest . In 2015, The Arena series of events was launched after well-known Lebanese-born battlerapper Dizaster teamed up with local artists Omar Kabbani, Edd Abbas, Chyno and Johnny Headbusta during a brief visit to the country.
Morocco
One of the most successful Arab rappers is Salah Edin . He sings his songs on Darija . Salah Edin performed in over 31 countries on four continents and worked with well-known Americans like the Wu-Tang Clan , producer Focus ( Aftermath ), but also with the famous French artist IAM and the Danish Outlandish .
The Boulevard de Jeunes Musiciens , held every June in Casablanca, offers a wide range of different musical genres: hip-hop, heavy metal and fusion. Originally founded by a small group with the aim of establishing an alternative music scene in Morocco, the festival has now developed into the most important platform for local bands. The hype it generated paved the way for now well-known bands: Darga , Hoba Hoba Spirit , Bigg, H-Kayne, casacrew, Barry, Total Eclypse , Aba'Raz , Fnaïre and Haoussa.
Palestine
Tamer Nafar's band, DAM , is Palestine's first rap group. On November 17th, 2006 they released their first album: Dedication .
Other Palestinian rappers are MWR , Arapeyat and Jabbar (rapper & producer) , the PR Palestinian Rapperz , the NOMADS, Ramallah Underground and the Philistines, and Jaffa Phonix , founded in 2003 by two Palestinian refugees in Egypt, is an electro / hop Band singing in Palestinian Arabic .
Other
From other Arab countries, Arab Legion , Iron Sheik , Patriarch Son of a Refugee , Euphrates , and Adam A. Shoucair , also known as (AMA) all.mighty.ameer . Bu Kolthoum comes from Syria and now lives in the Netherlands.
Other successful rappers, producers and DJs of Arab origin are Cilvaringz (Wu-Tang Clan), DJ Cut Killer ( France ), DJ Abdel (France), Freeman (IAM), Isam Bachiri (Outlandish), producer Fred Wreck ( Snoop Dogg , G -Unit ), DJ Lady S ( Belgium ) Massiv ( Berlin ), Farid Bang ( Germany ) and all.mighty.ameer ( Detroit ).
See also
Web links
- Slingshot Hip Hop (2008) - Documentary about the life of Palestinian rappers
Individual evidence
- ^ Hans Rollmann: Multicultural Sounds Power "Chebran Volume 2: French Boogie 1982-1989". In: Pop matters. July 16, 2018, accessed April 17, 2020 .
- ↑ Belkacem Boumedini: Conditions politiques et sociales de l'apparition du rap en Algérie. In: YouTube. April 17, 2007, accessed March 20, 2020 (French).
- ^ Felix Wiedemann: Code switching in Algerian and Tunisian rap. A comparative analysis of Lotfi Double Kanon's “Klemi” and Balti's “L'album avant l'albombe” . University of Bamberg Press, 2015, ISBN 978-3-86309-346-4 , pp. 39–40 ( uni-bamberg.de [accessed March 20, 2020]).
- ↑ "MTM biography" , Last.fm
- ↑ عكس السير (ʾAks al-Sēr) at Discogs (English)
- ^ Boutros al Ahmar: Mad Prophet rappeur d'impact. In: Agenda culturel. August 31, 2015, accessed March 20, 2020 (French).
- ^ Felix Wiedemann: The Local and the Global in Networks of Lebanese and Algerian Rappers . In: Open Library of Humanities . tape 5 , no. 1 , April 5, 2019, ISSN 2056-6700 , p. 25–27 , doi : 10.16995 / olh.419 ( openlibhums.org [accessed March 20, 2020]).
- ^ Felix Wiedemann: Remixing Battle Rap and Arabic Poetic Battling . In: Occhialì: rivista sul Mediterraneo islamico . tape 4 . Università della Calabria 2019, p. 16 , doi : 10.20378 / irbo-54191 ( uni-halle.de [accessed on March 20, 2020]).