Arkady Dmitrievich Schwezow

Arkadi Schwezow, 1939

Arkadiy Shvetsov ( Russian Аркадий Дмитриевич Швецов ., Scientific transliteration Arkady Dmitrievič Švecov ; born January 12 ^{. Jul} / 24. January  1892 ^greg. In Nizhniye Sergi at Yekaterinburg ; † 19th March 1953 in Moscow ) was a Soviet aircraft engine designer .

life and work

Arkadi Schwezow was born the son of an elementary school teacher. In his early childhood the family moved to Perm , where Schwezow attended secondary school and graduated in 1909. He then moved to Moscow and began studying at the Mechanical Faculty of the Technical University, but had to interrupt it several times due to lack of money. He earned the necessary funds, stimulated by attending lectures, by working for various manufacturers of car and aircraft engines, where his interest in this area developed. During these activities the October Revolution broke out. After the coup he was able to continue his studies through state funding and graduate in 1921. He then took up an engineering activity at the Moscow plant "Motor", which at the time was producing Gnome Rhône engines under license. He took over the design department and in 1923, together with his collective, developed his first aircraft engine, the M-8 or RAM (Russki Awiazionni Motor) with twelve cylinders and 477.75 kW (649 hp) output, which however remained a prototype. He then turned to the development of radial engines and, together with N. W. Okromeschko, developed the 5-cylinder radial engine M-11 from 1923 to 1925 , which went into production in 1926. The use of aluminum for the cylinder heads was new for the USSR . This type, continuously developed, was still being manufactured in the 1980s. It was also used in the Po-2 . With 125,000 units produced, it is likely to be one of the most widely used aircraft engines. During the development phase of the M-11, the “engine” plant was merged with the aircraft engine building plant “AMSTRO”; later the "Ikar" plant was incorporated. In this large company named after Mikhail Frunze , Schwezow rose from chief engineer and chief designer to production director and technical director. In 1932 he was responsible for organizing the large-scale production of the AM-34 developed by Alexander Mikulin .

In 1934 Schwezow became the founder and chief designer of "Motostroitjel" (later Awiadwigatel ), which worked closely with the Perm engine plant ( Russian Пермский моторный завод ) and began licensed production of the US Wright Cyclone engine as the M-25 from March of the same year , the Schwezows design office improved and further developed. Among other things, it was used in the I-15 and I-16 fighter types . During the Second World War succeeded Schwezow the construction of some major developed from foreign types of aircraft engines, so the 25 M-emerged out of and into the Antonov An-2 used ASch-62 , the ash-73 (for the Tu-4 ) and the ASch -82 , which was installed in the Lavochkin La-5 and was also used in civil aircraft such as the IL-12 and IL-14 after the end of the war . When Schwezow died in 1953, Pawel Solowjow was his successor at the Perm engine plant.

Awards

Schwezow received the Order of Lenin five times (1936, 1943, 1945, 1949 and 1952), the Order of Suvorov 2nd class , the Order of Kutuzov 1st class, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor , the Order of the Hero of Socialist Labor (1942), four times the Stalin Prize (1942, 1943, 1946 and 1948) as well as the medal “For heroic work during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945”. In 1940 Schwezow became a Doctor of Technical Sciences and in 1948 Lieutenant General of the Technical Service.

The Schwezow radial engine family

Schwezow M-25

Schwezow ASch-81 in the Central Museum of the Armed Forces in Moscow

Schwezow ASch-82

Schwezow ASch-82W for Mil Mi-4

On April 1, 1944, the Soviet engine designation system was changed: Instead of the "M" designation, the engines were given an abbreviation based on the name of the designer. Schwezows engines were called off because "ASch" for A rkadi Sch wezow ( Russian АШ )

Wright Cyclone R-1820 9-cylinder radial engine single-row air-cooled USA 1931

OKB-19 Schwezow M-80 14-cylinder radial engine, two-row air - cooled SU 1939 prototype

OKB-19 Schwezow M-25 9-cylinder radial engine single-row air - cooled SU 1934 13888 pieces

OKB-19 Basarow M-65 9-cylinder radial engine, single-row air - cooled SU 1939 prototype

OKB-19 Schwezow M-70 18-cylinder radial engine, two-row air - cooled SU 1938 prototype

OKB-19 Schwezow M-81 14-cylinder radial engine two-row air - cooled SU 1940 license Wright Twin Cyclone R-2600 prototype

OKB-19 Schwezow M-62 9-cylinder radial engine single-row air - cooled two-stage supercharger SU 1939 40361 pieces

OKB-19 Schwezow M-71 18-cylinder radial engine, two-row air - cooled SU 1942 prototype

OKB-19 Schwezow M / ASch-82 14-cylinder radial engine two-row air - cooled two-stage loader SU 1941 57898 pieces

OKB-19 Schwezow M-63 9-cylinder radial engine, single row, air - cooled SU 1939 3087 pieces

OKB-19 Schwezow M-72 18-cylinder radial engine two-row air - cooled SU 1945 prototype

Schwezow OKB-19 ASch-83 14-cylinder radial engine, two-row air - cooled SU 1945, small number of pieces

OKB-19 Schwezow M-64 9-cylinder radial engine single-row air - cooled SU 1939 prototype

Schwezow OKB-19 ASch-73 18-cylinder radial engine, two-row air - cooled SU 1945 14,310 pieces

Schwezow OKB-19 ASch-84 14-cylinder radial engine, two-row air - cooled SU 1945, small number of pieces

Schwezow OKB-19 ASch-21 7-cylinder radial engine single-row air - cooled SU 1946 7636 pieces

literature

• Ulrich Langer: Arkadi Dmitrijewitsch Schwezow and his engines . In: Flieger – Jahrbuch 87 . Transpress, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-344-00167-1 , p. 74-80 .

Web links

Commons : Flugmotoren von AD Schwezow  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Biography Russian war heroes (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ASch-82T engine. The Soviet M8x engine family at a glance. Retrieved April 13, 2013 .