Poor and orphanage on Schmiedestrasse
The poor and orphanage on Schmiedestrasse , also known as the Lord's hostel , was a municipal poor and orphanage in Hanover that was built in the 17th century and is no longer there today. The facility, donated by the merchant Johann Duve , was located on the city wall next to the stone gate , a former city gate of the city fortifications of Hanover . Today this is an area on Marstallplatz at Reitwallstraße .
History and description
The institution for the needy , which was run by the city, was founded in 1643 by the Hanoverian businessman Johann Duve and his wife Elisabeth, née. Kolvenrott. This took place during the Thirty Years' War , when the city was very poor, exacerbated by the numerous refugees from the country. The house accommodated 40 lame, blind and impoverished men and women and 60 orphans of both sexes. Sick and poor strangers were also temporarily accommodated. Duve's concern was to get the poor and the infirm off the streets and to stop begging . However, he insisted that healthy poor people had to earn their own expenses. He used these as workers in his spinning and weaving mills. The orphans were taught.
For the construction of the poor house and orphanage, which was inaugurated in 1643, the City Council of Hanover provided a plot of land on Schmiedestrasse. The construction was on the outside of the city wall, which was used as the building wall. The wall was already militarily insignificant at that time due to the fortress ring surrounding Hanover . The poor and orphanage was next to the stone gate as the no longer existing city gate. Directly to the west were the Remisen and stable buildings of the Hofmar stables on the Hohe Ufer , which stretched along the Leine to the Hohe Ufer .
As the founder of the poor and orphanage, Johann Duve got into financial difficulties at an advanced age. In 1675 he made a loan of 180,000 thalers available to the Danish king , for which he had pledged his entire property. The ship and its transported assets sank on the high seas and the king refused to repay. Then, according to legend, he had to look for accommodation in the Almshouse House of the Lord , which he founded in 1643, and died there in 1679. However, he died in his house on Markt an der Marktkirche , where, according to an old register, he lived until his death.
In 1813 the house housed 38 poor people and 14 orphans, according to records.
In 1826 the poor house and orphanage was relocated to the former Hotel London-Schenke in Calenberger Neustadt .
Urban archaeological research 2016
The poor house and orphanage was located in the eastern area of the approximately 6000 m² large and elongated Marstallplatz, which has been used as a parking lot in recent decades. There arose in the course of the transformation project Hannover City 2020+ from 2016 a building on an approximately 1200 square meters of land by a multi-storey residential and commercial building in this area found before the start of the construction work city archaeological investigations held that simultaneous in connection with excavations of the Hofmar stables stood on the high bank . The archaeological measures were carried out by an excavation company with professional support from the municipal monument authority and the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation . The resulting costs were borne by the client in accordance with the polluter pays principle laid down in the Lower Saxony Monument Protection Act .
Initially, the archaeologists saw little chance of informative findings , as there was a gas station with underground tanks in the excavation area in the 1950s. With the excavations in 2016, which lasted around three months and reached a depth of 4.5 meters , the archaeologists hoped to penetrate into the settlement layers of the earlier Hanover from the 12th and 13th centuries. First they came across the remains of the poor house and orphanage built in 1643, in which 31 miniature chamber pots were found. The basement of the poor house and orphanage was used with modern fittings until the building was destroyed by the air raids on Hanover in World War II. In addition, the remains of a sandstone building were found, the time of which could be dated back to the 1740s. There was a well in the cellar. It is believed that it was a military building as part of the city's bastionary fortifications. The archaeologists were able to prove that a 20-meter-long side wall of the building was the city wall. It stood in a filled trench, which was probably the oldest trench in the city fortifications.
The finds from the excavation include apothecary vessels and ceramic parts such as colored faience from the mid-18th century, an ornamented bowl tile from the 16th or 17th century and neo-Gothic fireplace cladding.
literature
- Burchard Christian von Spilcker : The poor and orphanage on Schmiedestrasse in a historical topographic statistical description of the royal residence city of Hanover , Hahnsche Buchhandlung , 1819, p. 388–392 ( online )
- Rudolph Ludwig Hoppe: Johann Duve: His services to the old and new town in: History of the City of Hanover , 1845, pp. 207–208 ( online )
Web links
- Sketch of the poor and orphanage on Schmiedestrasse
- The foundation walls of the “Herberge des Herr” at hannover.de on March 16, 2016
- Photos from the excavations in 2016
Individual evidence
- ^ Herbert Röhrig : Johann Duve. Rise and fall of the first Hanoverian entrepreneur. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. NF 15 (1961), p. 268.
- ^ Arnold Nöldeke : Armen- und Waisenhaus , in: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Hannover Vol. 1, H. 2, Teil 1, Hannover, self-published by the provincial administration, Theodor Schulzes Buchhandlung, 1932 (Neudruck Verlag Wenner, Osnabrück 1979, ISBN 3-87898 -151-1 ), pp. 672-676
- ↑ STRABAG Real Estate starts construction work on the Marstall in Hanover on January 15, 2016.
- ↑ Architectural competition decided ( Memento of the original of March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at hannover.de from October 6, 2014.
- ↑ Development on Am Marstall at hannover.de from February 16, 2015.
- ↑ GinYuu opens first branch in Hanover in Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from January 15, 2016.
- ↑ a b Conrad von Meding: Plans for the Marstall are ready in the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of August 8, 2014.
- ↑ Andreas Schinkel: Drinking cups from the Middle Ages found in Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of June 22, 2016.
- ↑ Conrad von Meding: Archaeologists find 31 mini chamber pots in the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from March 16, 2016.
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 28 ″ N , 9 ° 44 ′ 0 ″ E