On the high bank

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hohes Ufer (right) with Marstallbrücke and bronze sculpture "Man with Horse"

The Hohe Ufer in Hanover is a riverside road that runs along the eastern side of the Leine . The street borders the old town to the west, on the opposite bank of the Leine is the Leibnizufer street . The Hohe Ufer is at the back of the old armory, which is now part of the Historical Museum . In today's pedestrian zone and on the adjacent areas on both banks of the Leine, the old town flea market , the oldest flea market in Germany, is held every Saturday .

history

Hohes Ufer with Marstallbrücke around 1830, behind that riding arena and armory with Begin tower
View from the Marstallbrücke to the Hohe Ufer (left) on the edge of the old town of Hanover

The street has no connection with the name of the city of Hanover as Hohes Ufer , as it only bore this name from 1912. It used to be called Dreckwall and Am Marstalle . The steep bank profile was created by the fact that the eastern edge of the Linen was filled in from 1541 with material from Lauenrode Castle , which was razed in 1371 , in the area of ​​today's Calenberger Neustadt . The resulting wall was part of the city fortifications until the 17th century, and later a riding school was built on it. The mighty Begin Tower from 1357 is one of the few remains of the city fortifications, whose city wall section north of the tower was used in the construction of the ducal armory from 1643 to 1649.

The Marstalltor next to the armory graced earlier than the entrance Reithaus the old stables . The gate was built in 1714 by the architect Louis Remy de la Fosse and was moved to this place in 1967. It bears the coat of arms of the Hanover-English King George I. On the Martin-Neuffer-Brücke , formerly Marstallbrücke, part of the old town flea market takes place on Saturdays ; it was built in 1736/37 according to plans by Johann Paul Heumann . The bridge was initially built as a wooden bridge in 1680 to connect the city with the newly created suburb of Calenberger Neustadt . Today's stone bridge dates from 1737, of which only the supporting pillars are preserved. The superstructure has been faithfully renewed because of war and flood damage in the 20th century brick construction. In 2009 the bridge was renovated for 500,000 euros.

Details

The promenade of the street was laid out in 1956 with rubble stones from buildings destroyed in the war, which show Hanoverian city motifs as paving mosaics. In the past a sloping path led down to the river, so this place could serve as a horse pond. As a result of the redesign of the bank area after the Second World War and the downsizing of the ramp, the bronze sculpture "Man with a Horse" by Hermann Scheuertstuhl was erected as a souvenir in 1957. The sculpture stands on a raised platform that was once a bridgehead for the summer bridge over the Leine. In 1945 the bridge was demolished and the remaining head of the bridge was converted into a viewing platform.

Urban archaeological research 2013

Excavation area on the Hohe Ufer (left) with exposed city wall and cellar foundations, behind the former school building being converted into the Hanover adult education center

During the construction work to erect residential and commercial buildings on a 3000 m² plot of land on the Hohe Ufer ( 52 ° 22 ′ 20.6 ″  N , 9 ° 43 ′ 52.7 ″  E ) , ground horizons emerged in August 2013 in which building remains from the medieval settlement of Hanover were found. The property has been used as a schoolyard and parking lot since the Second World War . Previously there was a building that was largely destroyed in the air raids on Hanover . The area is located in the square between Hohen Ufer, Burgstrasse, a former school building (converted into the Hanover Adult Education Center ) and Weg An der Roßmühle with the historical museum located there .

In the run-up to the construction work, the client commissioned an excavation company with the construction-accompanying archaeological exploration of the building site in accordance with the polluter-pays principle set out in the Lower Saxony Monument Protection Act . Finds that go back to the Middle Ages were expected in advance. When the first significant findings emerged during the construction work , the exploration turned into an emergency excavation to salvage finds that were important to the city's archeology . The Lower Monument Protection Authority of the City of Hanover and the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation provided technical support for the three-month measures, which lasted until December 2013. Archaeologically, they expected the excavations to provide further information about the beginnings of settlement, which is believed to have been in the 11th century. The time when the city wall was erected could also have been determined more precisely as long as dendrochronologically determinable wooden piles had been recovered from under their foundations. However, the excavations would have had to go beyond the intended depth of 3.5 meters, which was not possible for financial and structural reasons. The archaeologists uncovered in the excavations, especially the basement and ground layers of different eras freely, including the foundations of the 1886 teilabgebrochenen armory .

During the excavations, a pointed ditch 11.5 meters wide and 3.5 meters deep was discovered, which was in front of the city wall at a distance of 5 meters. It belonged to the ramparts of the city fortifications, which are known as the dirt wall and which had been torn down in earlier centuries.

The excavations took place in an area in which one of the germ cells of Hanover is believed to have been around the 11th century. The settlement here is said to have consisted of manor houses that served to control the crossing over the Leine, which was important at the time. The former lane An der Roßmühle led to the former Leine crossing, where a former city gate is believed to be. The location of Lauenrode Castle , which was built around 1215 and later demolished, is assumed to be on the diagonally opposite bank of the Leine . The path An der Roßmühle , adjacent to the excavation area , was mentioned in 1482 as Piper Street , the name going back to a resident named Piper . Later the Piperstraße was renamed Roßmühle , because there was a Göpelmühle driven by horses .

On the opposite bank of the Leine, a similar procedure was carried out at the beginning of 2014 due to a building project based on urban archaeological investigations on the former Leine island Little Venice . Further investigations will take place from the end of 2015 in the immediate vicinity on the Leine in the area of ​​the Hofmar stables on the Hohe Ufer . The three investigations represent the first large-scale excavations in Hanover's old town since the urban archaeological investigations in the years 1982 to 1987 on Bohlendamm, which runs between the Marktkirche and the Leineschloss.

Finds

Excavation profile with different ground horizons , on the left a light foundation wall from the Baroque period, including dark rubbish pits from the Middle Ages

Findings and findings were two jugs from the 12th century, a silver coin from 1482, foundations of the medieval city wall, a well, two sewers and ceramics from the 15th century. In order to explore the further course of the city wall in the places where it was not possible to dig , georadar was used. At the end of the excavations, the remains of an unusually large house cellar (6 × 9 meters) from around the middle of the 12th century were discovered under the foundations of the city wall, the house above which had been destroyed by fire. In the basement there were charred wooden beams and medieval toys like glass marbles. A dendrochronological examination of the trees used in the house construction revealed a felling date for the year 1177. The finding could be the archaeological evidence of the historically handed down burning of Hanover in 1189 by Heinrich VI. in the course of a campaign against Heinrich the Lion , in which the Limmer Castle was attacked.

Bomb find

Right at the beginning of the excavations in August 2013, a dud from a US 500 kg aircraft bomb from the Second World War was found in a buried basement , the defusing of which led to an immediate and extensive evacuation of the city center.

See also

literature

  • Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Hanover. Art and culture lexicon. Handbook and city guide . 3rd, rev. Schäfer, Hannover 1995, pp. 67-69, ISBN 3-88746-313-7 .
  • Bodo Dringenberg: Farewell to the 'high bank'. The name of Hanover . In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter . NF Vol. 53 (1999), pp. 5-75.
  • Michael Heinrich Schormann: Hanover before 1200. On the question of an early town formation based on historical and archaeological records . In: Urban archeology in northern Germany west of the Elbe. Edited by Heiko Steuer and Gerd Biegel . Bonn: Habelt 2002, pp. 105–124, ISBN 3-7749-3076-7 .
  • Tobias Gärtner: The beginnings of the city of Hanover in a new perspective . In: Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History . Vol. 77 (2005) pp. 275-288.
  • Conrad von Meding, Amalia Wischneski: Archaeologists uncover Hanover's city wall In: Hannoversche Allgemeine from November 1, 2013 ( online , pdf)
  • Friedrich-Wilhelm Wulf : Area Department Hannover - Urban Archeology in Hannover: A New Beginning After 30 Years In: Reports on the Preservation of Monuments in Lower Saxony , 2/2014
  • Uwe Bodemann, Thomas Göbel-Groß, Caren Winters (Red.): Hohes Ufer / In the future with a past , in this: Public spaces for living / Redesigning urban spaces , Ed .: State Capital Hanover, The Lord Mayor , Department of Planning and Urban Development, Hanover: LHH, 2015, p. 32f. u.ö.
  • Andreas Schinkel: Strolling under plane trees / On the edge of the old town, Hanover changes its face. The high bank and the stables are being redesigned and new houses are being built. It remains to be seen how the neighborhood will affect the red light district. In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of April 19, 2016, p. 13

Web links

Commons : Am Hohen Ufer (Hannover)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) And a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 429.
  2. Redesign on the Hohe Ufer begins with a chainsaw. Accessed December 15, 2015
  3. Remnants of the old city wall exposed at Hannover.de from October 31, 2013 ( Memento from December 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved on November 24, 2013
  4. Christian Bohnenkamp: Hanover's age remains unclear - experts want to dig In: Neue Presse from November 13, 2013 Retrieved on November 24, 2013
  5. Hanover's city fortifications on the Roßmühle
  6. Cellar from the Middle Ages discovered in: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from December 15, 2013
  7. Georadar examines the remains of the wall In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of November 12, 2013 Retrieved on November 24, 2013
  8. Christian Bohnenkamp: Charred traces of the Hanover fire in: [[Neue Presse (Hanover) |]] from February 28, 2016
  9. Tobias Morchner, Jörn Kießler, Frerk Schenker: Everything went well! In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of August 28, 2013. Retrieved on November 24, 2013
  10. Reports on the preservation of monuments 2014/2

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 20 ″  N , 9 ° 43 ′ 51 ″  E