Leineinsel Little Venice

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The most famous view of the former Leine Island (around 1900) at the confluence of the historical course of the Leine (left) and its Brückmühlenarm (right)

The former Leineinsel Klein-Venedig in Hanover was a partly densely built-up river island from the early 13th century until after the Second World War , which was located in the Leine between the high banks of the old town and the Calenberger Neustadt . The island disappeared after the war when an arm of the river was filled in and the Leibnizufer road above it, as part of the transformation of Hanover into a city ​​suitable for cars .

location

The two arms of the line (blue), starting between the Kestner Museum (bottom right) and Waterlooplatz and ending at Ballhofstrasse and the (New) Synagogue . Excerpt from the city ​​map of Hanover from Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon from 1895

The Leineinsel , later called “Little Venice” , began at the division of the Leine in the amount of today's new building of the regional finance office on Waterloostraße . While the main arm of the Leine as part of the city ​​fortifications of Hanover was led directly to and along the old town, the smaller Brückmühlen arm ran east of the State Archives and reunited with the main arm at the Rossmühle level .

Another Leineinsel is the Leineinsel Döhren . On it is a street of the same name with an upscale housing estate that has been built since the 1980s. It is located several kilometers upstream on the site of the former wool laundry and combing in Hanover-Döhren .

history

The Leintorbrücke as a connection between Schloßstraße (right) and Ernst-August-Straße

An early development of the approximately 1.2 km long island took place on its southern part, the former Ottenwerder , then Mühlenplatz and later Friederikenplatz . In 1226, at the height of today's Karmarschstrasse, the municipal click mill with the water tower was built, which, as “ Bornkunst ”, supplied the fountains of Hanover with river water and was only replaced by river water art at the end of the 19th century . On further west Brückmühlenarm the later State Archives was the 1329 amounting bridge mill built, under which the "Mills kolk then" the popular river bathhouse , which Schrader's bathhouse developed. The old Brückmühle was only replaced by a new building by the architect Ludwig Droste in 1860/61, at the time of the Kingdom of Hanover . At the beginning of the 19th century, the Friederikenschlösschen was built in the southern part of the island .

The actual development of the "island" began in the 15th century on the northern part. For this purpose, the city fortified the banks of the Werder with stakes , the so-called "Specken", which is why this area of ​​the Leineinsel was also called "Uppe den Specken" for centuries. This northern part of the island was accessible via four bridges: The route over the Leintorbrücke , Ernst-August-Straße and Calenberger Brücke developed into the most important traffic route between the old town and Calenberger Neustadt, over which the tram line also ran. Down the river, the summer bridge led from Pferdestraße to Inselstraße and further over the Inselbrücke to Calenberger Straße at the level of the (no longer existing) Lange Straße . The two streets running across the Leineinsel were connected by the narrow Rademacherstraße , which was not closed until 1961. The Rademacher staircase on the opposite bank of the Leine , built in 1962, is reminiscent of them .

Immediately along the two arms of the line rose the winding buildings, which were built almost exclusively as half-timbered houses from the 16th to the early 19th centuries . Small balconies were often attached to the waterfront - a picturesque sight that earned the Leineinsel with its bridges the nickname “Little Venice ”. However, in the 20th century the island was a "socially very degraded urban area" which was largely destroyed by the air raids on Hanover in the Second World War . Most of the remains were finally removed in the course of the reconstruction of the inner city, after the Brückmühlen arm in particular had been filled in for traffic planning in order to lead over the Leibnizufer .

As remains of the Leineinsel, which are still visible today, the listed course of the main arm of the Leine and the Leine fortification wall with the foundations of the former buildings have been preserved.

Redesign of the historic sea walls

Between the end of 2013 and 2015, the city of Hanover had the historic embankment walls ( 52 ° 22 ′ 15.9 ″  N , 9 ° 43 ′ 52.9 ″  E ) of the Leine north of the Leintor Bridge renovated and redesigned for around 2.3 million euros . This affected a 70 meter long section on the former Leineinsel opposite the Hohen Ufer . The bank walls had leaned towards the river in recent years and had become unstable, so that there was a risk of collapse. Therefore, the old walls were removed and replaced by a supporting wall made of concrete, which was clad with the old sandstone masonry largely true to the original. A promenade with a balcony and a staircase to the water with a lounge area made it possible to experience the shore area again.

Urban archaeological research 2014

Excavation of building cellars on the sea wall of the former Leineinsel in March 2014

The dilapidated bank walls of the Leine were once the outer basement walls of houses on the former Leine Island, which were probably built in the second half of the 17th century. After the existing buildings were destroyed by the air raids on Hanover in the Second World War, the last remnants were leveled and the cellars filled with rubble in the post-war period . A parking lot was created above it. Before the redesign of the embankment walls, due to the historical significance of the site, urban archaeological investigations and excavations took place from the beginning of 2014 to the beginning of 2015 in an area around 65 × 12 meters in size. They were carried out by an excavation company in cooperation with the monument authority of the city of Hanover and the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation . During the excavations, which went down to a depth of 6.5 meters, the buried cellars were uncovered and documented as a historical monument.

On the opposite bank of the Leine, the urban archaeological investigations on the Hohen Ufer took place at the end of 2013 as part of a building project . Further investigations will be carried out from the end of 2015 in the immediate vicinity in the area of ​​the Hofmar stables on Hohen Ufer . The three investigations represent the first large-scale excavations in Hanover's old town since the city archaeological investigations in 1983 and 1987 on Bohlendamm, which runs between the Marktkirche and the Leineschloss.

Finds

Archaeological documentation of wooden piles as the substructure of the sea wall

In March 2014, after several weeks of excavations in cellars from the 16th century, the archaeologists had already secured around 200  findings . These include a well with a border made of sandstone parts and a walk on a leash. One of the finds is the head of a sculpture made of apparently Italian marble, which was probably made in the 15th century. Large amounts of broken stove tiles were found and disposed of as soil backfill. Some of the fragments included high-quality blue paintings on faience tiles . This also includes the fragments of an approximately two meter high Dutch faience tiled stove in the Baroque style , the time of which is dated to 1750-1770. Since around 90 percent of the furnace parts were found, it can be reconstructed. Furthermore, models for relief tiles were found, some with depicted people, such as the Polish King Sigismund III. These finds suggest the existence of an oven manufacturer. A brass bar found probably served as the raw material for needles. A bronze stilus was also found .

Under the cellars of the 16th century, archaeologists found a row of oak piles, which were driven into the bank mud at a depth of 5 meters, and which served as the foundation of the sea wall. Underneath there was a first fascine attachment to the bank of the Leine, which consisted of stakes with wickerwork . The wooden parts have been preserved by the moisture conservation on the river. Further finds in the deeper layers of the earth suggested three craft businesses from the 14th century. Their trades were metalworking, cobbler's and leather-making and horn carving. From this, found material made of organic materials such as leather and textiles has been preserved in the groundwater area. Historically in this area is a leather workshop from around 1400.

literature

Web links

Commons : Leineinsel Klein-Venedig (Hannover)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Leineinsel ... (see literature)
  2. ^ Helmut Zimmermann : Leineinsel. In: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 157
  3. ↑ Compare the documentation at Commons
  4. ^ Helmut Zimmermann: Rademacher stairs. In: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 201
  5. ↑ Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, part 1, vol. 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , here: Addendum to volume 10.2, directory of architectural monuments acc. § 4 ( NDSchG ) (excluding architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation) / Status: July 1, 1985 / City of Hanover , p. 3ff.
  6. ↑ Renovation of the Leineufermauer at hannover.de from December 13, 2013 ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hannover.de
  7. ↑ New construction of the Leineufermauer at the Schlossbrücke at hannover.de on March 5, 2014 ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hannover.de
  8. ↑ First finds on Leibnizufer at hannover.de from February 17, 2014 ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hannover.de
  9. ^ Andreas Schinkel: Home visit after 500 years In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of March 4, 2014
  10. ↑ Marble head, tiled stove and fountain found at hannover.de on March 5, 2014  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.hannover.de  
  11. ↑ Michael Thomas: excavation finds on the Leineufer (see under the section web links )
  12. ↑ 600-year-old nuts fascinate researchers in the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of July 14, 2014
  13. ↑ Friedrich-Wilhelm Wulf : Area Department Hannover: From the Rössen settlement to the baroque faience tiled stove under Archaeological Monument Preservation 2014 In: Reports on Monument Preservation in Lower Saxony , 2/2015

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 '15.7 "  N , 9 ° 43' 52.3"  E