City map Hannover

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“Surroundings of the old town of Hanover”, reduced city map (excerpt) including the streets and important buildings of Hanover from the year 1300 to after 1900;
unfinished two-color print, probably by Karl Friedrich Leonhardt

The first city ​​map of Hanover was created at the beginning of the 18th century, while previously there were only city ​​views .

The oldest contemporary city ​​maps of Hanover show the elliptical , also known as "almond-shaped" floor plan of the old town, which follows the course of the river Leine from southeast to northwest. The four old streets of this ground plan, which represent "a modification of the ladder or parallel street system of Hohenstaufen cities" and "which has largely been preserved to this day", are: Leinstrasse and Burgstrasse , Köbelingerstrasse and bonehauerstrasse , Marktstrasse and Schmiedestrasse as well as the Osterstraße . As a rule, the early Hanover city plans also include the Calenberger Neustadt, which was integrated into the city ​​fortifications of Hanover in the 17th century and which was independent until 1824 .

Publications

City map of Hanover as a sketch "Hanover in the Middle Ages ";
1924 by Karl Friedrich Leonhardt in his article "Streets and houses in old Hanover" in the Hanover history sheets

17th to 18th centuries

  • For the year 1700, a city ​​map subsequently constructed according to TC Lotter did not appear in A. Asche's home atlas until 1926 .
  • Celle 1714 a city map is dated, which shows the built-up islands and the public buildings.
  • 1728: A situation map of Hanover and surroundings ... , also called a city ​​map from 1728 , shows in particular the land use around Hanover with the Eilenriede
  • 1736: The formerly continuous "triangle" of the old St. Nikolai cemetery can still be seen on a colored map by E. Braun ;
  • 1740: In Mayor Christian Ulrich Grupen's book Origines Et Antiqvitates Hanoverenses ... numerous engravings appeared, some of which were engraved by JG Schmidt, Br (unsviga) after EE Braun and later digitized by the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel . In addition to a view of the area in front of the stone gate with the Nikolai cemetery (p. 00070a of the digital copy) you can find:
    • a plan around the market church with the local representation of the excavations described in Grupen's book (p. 00012a);
    • TRACTUS HONOVERENSIS URNARUM SEPULCHRALIUM A. 1717 AD HERRENHUSAM EFOSSARUM. ; a map showing the area northwest of Hanover in 1717 (p. 00016a); via Montbrillant Castle to Herrenhausen , Limmer , Ahlem and Linden ;
    • FACIES ANTIQUA NOVAE CIVITATIS HONOVERANAE (page 00256a), a reconstructed plan of the area around what would later become Calenberger Neustadt ;
    • HONOVERA ANTIQUA , a reconstructed plan of the old town of Hanover (page 00278a).
around 1750: Detail of the plan by Matthäus Seutter; Upper right the coat of arms of the new town with the Parnassus fountain, ramparts of the town fortifications and water subsequently colored
around 1750: in the southeast the Aegidienneu town; Lotter's plan
  • A colored copper engraving by Matthias Seutter (" Geographer Aug. Vind ") dates from around 1750 : it bears the coat of arms of the then Electoral Braunschweigisch Lüneburg capital and residence city on the left under the copyright and on the right the coat of arms of the Calenberger Neustadt with the Parnass fountain . Including a historical and geographical description of the city of Hanover ; the letters printed on the plan refer to an explanatory legend .
  • In 1747 the fortress builder Georg Friedrich Dinglinger drew a colored plan that also included the Aegidienneustadt in the southeast ; this plan probably served as a template for the copperplate engravings that appeared in the following years.
  • In 1748 Dinglinger drew a detailed plan of the Aegidienneustadt.
  • In 1749, JJ Mackensen first drew a plan that placed the city of Hanover and Calenberger Neustadt in relation to the Great Garden .
  • In 1750 EE Braun drew a " map of the area around the city of Hanover ".
  • "Around 1750" appeared a - probably copied from Dinglinger's plan of 1747 - "Plan by TC Lotter (after M. Seutter)."

Two card engravings are known from the Seven Years' War , showing Hanover and Linden as well as the French camps near Linden. There is also a contemporary plan of sticks with the French field camp.

1757 and 1758; (from left): Wettbergen, Bornum (in the north!), Linden and "Hanovre"
1757: The French camp near Stöcken
(version rotated 180 degrees)
  • A copper engraving by Jacobus van der Schley from 1760 shows the field camps of the French troops twice (and therefore shows the numbers "30" and "54" above the edge of the map); on the one hand the one from 11 to 20 August 1757, on the "outward route" under "His Eminence le Maréchal d'Estrées ", on the other hand the one from 27 February 1758, on the "return route" ("return") of the French troops under " His Highness le Comte de Richelieu ". The village Bornum ("Borne") is shown in the north instead of the south.
  • Also from "Jakob van der Schley" and from 1760 comes the copper engraving with the field camp of the French troops near Stöcken from September 17th to 18th 1757 under "His Highness, Lieutenant General de la Suze ". The arrow next to the line, which shows the direction of flow, shows that the plan would have to be rotated 180 degrees.

The demolition of the fortifications that began in 1767 and the associated emergence of Georgstrasse , Friedrichstrasse and other streets led to a change in the cityscape.

  • The mill in Calenberger Neustadt is no longer shown on a plan from 1774.
1800, from London: Hanover, Calenberger Neustadt and Linden; to compare the size of the large garden

19th century

For the first half of the 19th century the following are highlighted:

  • the plan published by John Stockdale in London in 1800 ; it illustrates the proportions between Hanover, Calenberger Neustadt, Linden and the Great Garden in Herrenhausen.
  • the plan drawn by Johann Ludewig Hogrewe in 1800 with extensive gardens in front of the city gates. The Neustädter and Nikolai cemeteries (shown in green) are still outside the city walls;
  • a copper engraving made by Pentz and Bennefeld in 1807 showing the city and its surroundings, which appeared during the French occupation (1803-1813)
  • the engraving "Hannover", dated around 1815, with the old and new town and the surrounding area
1822: colored plan with details of the house numbers at that time
City map from 1835
  • 1822 the plan of the royal city of Hanover with details of the house numbers 1822 by Wilhelm Müller . The plan from A. Asche's home atlas published in 1926 has also been approved for publication by the Hahnschen Buchhandlung and is available online (see section “Web Links”).
  • the plan by August Papen (1799–1858) recorded between 1826 and 1831 after the unification of Hanover and Calenberger Neustadt after 1824 documented the relationship between the city and the surrounding area particularly clearly
  • In 1845 a "plan of the suburbs of Hanover with the street names and the new serial numbers [...] published under the authorization of the magistrate of both suburbs".
  • The plan submitted by ACF Sohnrey in 1846 already included the new district of Ernst-August-Stadt . According to the plan, Sohnrey was a "draftsman at the Royal Railway Direction", the plan with a picture of the old main train station in Hanover and a homage to King Ernst August. Lithography and printing was carried out by the F. Wunder'schen Steruckerei , the first operation of Hanover's first photographer, Friedrich Karl Wunder .
Plan of the city of Hanover from 1846 by Friedrich Sohnrey ; Lithography and printing in the "[...] F. Wunder`schen lithography in Hanover"
Around 1873: The last remains of the moat are filled in, Humboldtstrasse and Goethestrasse are built. The first streets are laid out in what will later be the eastern part of the city.
  • In 1860 the first urban surveying office was set up under Major Arnold Heinrich Deichmann (1800–1870). Its surveying work covered the entire Weichbild (with the exception of the old and new towns and the Ernst-August-Stadt ) and resulted in location maps on a scale of 1: 1,250.
  • In 1887/88 the 36-sheet plan of the royal residence city of Hanover was created - also on a scale of 1: 1,250 . On the basis of this plan, reductions in the scales 1: 2,500 and 1: 5,000 were made over the next 10 years.
  • In 1888, in the fourth edition of Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon, a city map of Hanover appeared, on which the street names could still be listed alphabetically in the margin.
  • In 1895, the fifth edition of "Meyers" of the city map already showed a considerably more intensive development.
  • Around 1895, the 14th edition of the Brockhaus Encyclopedia published a city map that named significantly more street names than Meyer's .

  • 1888: City map from Meyers Konversations-Lexikon

  • In 1895, Meyers' city ​​map already showed a denser expansion of the city

  • Around 1895 Brockhaus offers comparatively more street names

20th century

  • In 1907, the city of Hanover expanded through extensive incorporations. This included Bothfeld , Groß-Buchholz , Klein-Buchholz , Döhren , Kirchrode , the Mecklenheide estate, Stöcken and Wülfel . After new measurements and the incorporation of 1907, map series were created in the scales 1: 1,000, 1: 2500, 1: 5,000, 1: 10,000 and so on up to 1: 25,000.
  • In 1924 a German base map 1: 5,000 was recommended for the entire area of ​​the empire . According to an agreement from 1926, this basic map was also implemented for Hanover: By 1953 a total of 17 sheets had been created for the inner city area and for some areas on the outskirts.
  • Also in 1926, a simpler map appeared in A. Asche's home atlas , later released for publication by Hahnschen Buchhandlung, which is available online (see section "Web Links").
  • In 1947, "with the approval of the military government" for the 1947 Hanover export fair, a map in German and English was published, showing the old streets from the time before the air raids in World War II , especially in the old town and Calenberger Neustadt: almost the entire city center is however marked in red as partially or totally destroyed. The cover for the plan therefore contains a list of the "special accommodations for trade fair visitors in schools and industrial companies, ... recorded in the plan!" and the reference to the "exchange of food cards ... in the Leibniz School , Alte Celler Heerstraße ." Six companies are listed as special accommodations: Fritz Ahrberg , Hanomag , Sprengel & Co. , Günther Wagner , H. Bahlsen's biscuit factory and the "Städt. Lager brewery".
  • 1956: "The name of the developing district of Vahrenheide (is) entered for the first time in the city map ."

From 1964 onwards, following the reorganization, the following maps were created, which completely cover the entire area of ​​the city:

  • City map 1: 1,000 as basic and main map series (with 932 sheets)
  • German basic map 1: 5,000 (with 63 sheets)
  • City map 1: 10,000 (with 9 sheets)
  • City map 1: 15,000
  • Area map 1: 50,000 (last published in 1995)
  • In 1969 the city map 1: 15,000 was replaced by the city map 1: 20,000.
  • In 1989, the processing of the German basic map was handed over to the land registry office in Hanover.

21st century

  • In 2000, the area map 1: 100,000 was created
  • In the same year digital map series were introduced.

See also

Archival material

An archive can be found for example,

literature

  • Louis Rosenthal: The development of the surveying system of the city of Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter . New episode (1960), pp. 157-269.
  • Karl Fricke: The urban map system in Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. Neue Episode 27 (1973), pp. 1–268.
  • Franz Rudolf Zankl : Hanover's city plan and its representation in older city maps. Plans and maps of the Hanover city area before the survey by Wilhelm Deichmann began in 1860 (A directory. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter. Neue Series 32 (1978), pp. 95–154.)
  • Helmut Zimmermann : Plan of the residential city of Hanover from 1822. Original in the Hanover City Archives. In: Hannover Archive , sheet EH 1
  • Klaus Mlynek : City plans. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , pp. 591f.

Web links

Commons : City plans Hannover  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Klaus Mlynek: City Views. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 583f.
  2. ↑ a b c d Gerd Weiß, Marianne Zehnpfennig: Old Town. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 1 , Vol. 10.1, p. 49.
  3. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Calenberger Neustadt. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 105f.
  4. ↑ a b c Information on Ralph Anthes' website .
  5. ^ Gerhard Dirscherl, Gerd Garnatz, Gudrun Seth, Carl Ferdinand Ernst: City forests in Hanover. The Eilenriede. Published by the City of Hanover, Department of Environment and Urban Greenery, Hanover, updated new edition November 2008, brochure, p. 7.
  6. ^ The St. Nikolai cemetery and the Neustädter Friedhof. Brochure of the City of Hanover (PDF; 2.4 MB) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 22, 2016, p. 9. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hannover.de
  7. ↑ digital copies .
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Source: see the plan mentioned
  9. ↑ in the possession of the "Nds. Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover, 12c Hann 1/15 pm"; Source and illustration: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, part 1 , p. 63.
  10. ↑ Source: Online digitized version of the Hanover Chronicle , ed. by Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein on the search word "city map": [1]
  11. ↑ https://www.hannover.de/data/download/lhh/umw_bau/Nikolai-_und_Neust__dter_FH.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Source: pdf brochure of the city of Hanover on the cemeteries, including an illustration of the plan by "J. M. Hogrefe", p. 27.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.hannover.de  
  12. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Napoleonic Wars. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , pp. 459f.
  13. ↑ Note: The Stadtlexikon / Klaus Mlynek writes "Stahlstich" on p. 591, but this may have been invented later
  14. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Calenberger Neustadt. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 105f.
  15. ↑ This can be found in the Hannover City Archives , main register, signature HAN XIV, D 3, 74 , compare Walter Buschmann : Urban development projects of the 1850s , in ders .: Linden. History of an industrial city in the 19th century. (= Sources and representations on the history of Lower Saxony. Vol. 92) Lax, Hildesheim 1981, ISBN 3-7848-3492-2 revised new edition of the first edition published in 1981 by Hildesheimer Lax Verlag, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 2012, ISBN 978-3-7752- 5927-9 , pp. 107-113, v. a. P. 108
  16. ↑ [2] ; somewhat “better” photocopy in: Ludwig Hoerner : Hannover in early Photographien 1848–1910 ..., p. 234f.
  17. ^ Dirk Böttcher : Deichmann, Ludewig Wilhelm Arnold Heinrich. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 123f.
  18. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Incorporations (with a table of incorporations since 1824 ), in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 153.
  19. ^ Patent city map - signposts through Hanover , Falk Landkarten Verlag , Hamburg, August 1947
  20. ↑ Waldemar R. Röhrbein : 1956. In: Hannover Chronik , p. 241ff., Here: p. 243.
  21. ↑ Helmut Zimmermann: Plan of the royal seat of Hanover from 1822 ... (see literature)