Brückmühle (Hanover)
Photo from around 1880 by Karl F. Wunder , in the possession of the Hanover Historical Museum
The Brückmühle in Hanover was one of several watermills known since the Middle Ages in the area that would later become the capital of Lower Saxony . For more than six centuries, the building served to supply the residents and the economy. It consisted of several mills for different purposes.
history
1924 by Karl Friedrich Leonhardt in his article "Streets and houses in old Hanover" in the Hanover history sheets
The Brucmole juxta Honovere (Brückmühle next to Hanover) was first mentioned in a document in 1329 and was located on the right bank of the Leinearme, which flowed around the so-called "Ottenwerder" - the island later called Leineinsel Klein-Venedig - to the west. As was customary in the Middle Ages, the mill was initially a fief of the duke and sovereign to the von Roden family . In 1386 the ruling Dukes Wenceslaus , Friedrich and Bernhard transferred ownership of the mill to the City Council of Hanover , which was supposed to support the poor in the Heilig-Geist-Hospital with the proceeds .
Like similar mills, the Brückmühle was a larger company with several branches of production. The two grain mills were jointly named "Raths-Kornmühle". In addition, there was a new flood mill, built in 1563, which was converted into a lohmühle in 1626 during the Thirty Years War , after Danish soldiers had previously destroyed the - also municipal - lohmühle in front of the Leinetor . In addition, a fulling mill was attached to the Brückmühle as early as 1572 , with which woolen fabrics were processed into weatherproof loden .
Drawing by the chronicler Johann Heinrich Redecker in his writing Historical Collectanea from the 18th century, copy in the Hanover City Archives
Every hundred years or so, a mill system like that of the Brückmühle had to be fundamentally overhauled. According to Hanoverian sources , such renovations, almost in the form of new buildings, took place in 1578 and 1670. In addition, a drawing of a floor plan from 1711 has been handed down, on which new mill passages were planned. A few years later, the future mayor Christian Ulrich Grupen dealt with the Brückmühle in his Corpus bonorum civitatis work, created in 1720 .
At the time of the Kingdom of Hanover , the entire system was technically outdated and so dilapidated that the City Council of Hanover completely demolished the Brückmühle and had it completely rebuilt by the city builders Ludwig Droste and Heinrich Hagen between 1859 and 1861 . Outwardly, the building with two twin towers now resembled an Italian- Romanesque church, the window openings were mostly in the arched style. Inside, however, the mill was state-of-the-art at the time. Thirteen grinding tunnels had now been set up over four floors, powered by four so-called “ Jovenal turbines ” with a bottom slope of 2.3 meters.
The cost of building the new Brückmühle was around 360,000 marks . However, around two decades later, the city of Hanover was able to record around 22,800 marks through annual rental income .
There is a photograph by Karl Friedrich Wunder from around 1880 in the Historical Museum of Hanover , which shows the last new building of the Brückmühle on the site of today's Leibnizufer . The photo shows to the left of the building the old main state archive in Hanover, still in its original baroque form, before it was given its present form in 1889.
During the Second World War , the Brückmühle was "[...] hit by an incendiary bomb " during the air raids on Hanover and burned down, but the masonry remained almost undamaged except for a few places. Nevertheless, let city architect Rudolf Hillebrecht when creating new road Leibnizufer demolish the entire building. In the opinion of Friedrich Lindau, this destruction was not necessary; a relocation of the western carriageway by just a few meters in the direction of Friederikenplatz and the green strip in front of the Leineschloss would have been sufficient. According to Lindau, the newly created green median between the lanes could have been omitted entirely, "[...] since the elevated road between Königswortherplatz and Friederikenplatz planned by Hillebrecht above was never needed and never built." [...] an example of Hillebrechts exaggerated transport policy ”.
After all, the coat of arms of the city of Hanover was moved from the Brückmühle to the rebuilt facade of the Wangenheim Palace .
See also
literature
- Arnold Nöldeke : The art monuments of the province of Hanover. Bd. 1, H. 2, Part 1: Monuments of the "old" city area of Hanover. Self-published by the provincial administration, Schulzes Buchhandlung, Hanover 1932, p. 742 f., Digitized in the Internet archive
- Franz Rudolf Zankl : The old Brückmühle. Oil painting by Burchard Giesewell , in: Hannover Archive , sheet p. 39
- Franz Rudolf Zankl: Schrader's bathing establishment behind the archive. Photography 1905 , in: Hannover Archive , sheet B. 48
Web links
- Sabine Wehking : DI 36: City of Hannover (1993) / No. 49 † Brückmühle 1515, 1541, 1563, 1586 on the Deutsche Insschriften Online page
- Brückmühle, Hanover / G. Droste / 1859/1861 in the picture index of art and architecture
- Colored photography of unknown date and undisclosed origin on facebook .com
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Franz Rudolf Zankl: New building of the municipal Brückmühle from 1861. Photograph by KF Wunder around 1880 , in: Hannover Archive , sheet p. 10
- ^ A b Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Friederikenplatz , as well as Friedrichswall 1 in Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek (ed.): Hannover. Art and Culture Lexicon , new edition, 4th, updated and expanded edition, Springe: zu Klampen, 2007, ISBN 978-3-934920-53-8 , pp. 111, 113
- ^ Friedrich Lindau: Hanover. Reconstruction and destruction. The city in dealing with its architectural identity. Schlütersche, Hannover 2001 (2nd edition), ISBN 3-87706-607-0 , pp. 191, 213; limited preview in Google Book search
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ N , 9 ° 44 ′ E