Hofmar stables on the high bank

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The stables district with riding, coach houses and stables on a Hanover city map from 1822

The Hofmar stables on the Hohen Ufer were located near the Leine in the area of ​​the Hohen Ufer in Hanover . There were stables , coach houses and riding facilities that belonged to the court of the nearby Leineschloss . Individual buildings have been preserved from the complexes that were built in the 17th to 19th centuries.

location

View of the Marstallplatz before the renovation work, still used as a parking lot

The royal stables with their stables, coach houses and riding facilities formed the so-called stables district, which lay on the right bank of the river Leine on the high bank . The area was in the former north-western corner of the city ​​fortifications of Hanover . There it was located north of the Zeughaus built in 1643 , now the Historical Museum , and the Leineschloss built in 1637 . The Leine and the former city wall with the dirt wall in front of it were the western end of the Marstall district . At the level of the former Marstall, the Martin-Neuffer-Brücke , originally Neue Brücke and later Marstallbrücke , leads over the Leine to the Leibnizufer opposite . The Marstall district expanded slightly to the east from the river, where the Marstallplatz, which was used as a parking lot until 2017 and was redesigned into a park between two new buildings until 2019, is located as part of the Hannover City 2020+ project . Today the red light district with Reitwallstraße borders it.

description

The Hofmar stables on the Hohe Ufer were initially used for the keeping of the court and were a follow-up to the Leineschloss not far to the south. The development of the facilities has not been fully clarified, as the files of the stables administration only go back to 1693. First a lordly riding or ball house was built around 1645 using the north side of the city ​​wall . The Marstall district was expanded in 1783 with the creation of a riding arena in the area of ​​an earlier bastion of the city fortifications, which was razed at the end of the 18th century . There were structural extensions to the stables until 1861. Some buildings were rebuilt in the 19th century and used commercially.

Old stables

The building of the old Marstall from 1682
The building of the New Marstall from 1712, photo from 1905

On the Hohen Ufer, a riding school was set up in 1666 on an open area along the city wall . In this area, Duke Ernst August 1682, according to other sources in 1687, the Lord barn built as stables. It was later referred to as the Old Marstall . Previously a 100 × 50 should at this point  foot big Reithaus have stood, which was built using the city walls. The old stables were used commercially from 1866 and served as a horse tram depot in the 1880s . In 1890 the building was separated into a north and a south half. In 1906, after a fire, the north half was raised by a third floor. The southern part was destroyed in the air raids on Hanover in World War II. The northern half of the Old Marstall , which is now used as a commercial building, has been preserved.

New stables with riding house

To the north of the old stables , Louis Remy de la Fosse built the new stables in 1712 , which was joined to the east by the riding house built in 1714. In the rectangle formed by the buildings there was a riding arena, which was laid out according to Leibniz's plans . The building of the New Marstall was used commercially from 1866. The riding house was an elongated hall with a gallery for spectators. The architect Ferdinand Wallbrecht divided the building in 1878 and converted it into a city theater and a concert hall. The new Marstall and Reithaus were destroyed by the air raids on Hanover in World War II. After the war the ruins were torn down. The preserved Marstalltor as a representative central portal of the riding house was moved about a hundred meters to the south in 1967. There it is next to the Historical Museum at the location of the Brühltor , a former city gate of the medieval city wall.

Draws

Former carriage house from 1861 on Goethestrasse

To the east of the New Marstall stood two elongated building complexes, which were referred to as royal coach houses on Hanover city maps from the 18th and 19th centuries. The buildings that no longer exist today ran parallel to each other along the Reitwall and were located in the area of ​​today's Marstallplatz. The approximately 300-meter-long and 40-meter-wide square was leveled after the Second World War , as the air raids on Hanover had destroyed it during the war .

Between 1857 and 1861, the architect Christian Heinrich Tramm built an elongated two-storey carriage shed for King George V of Hanover on today's Goethestrasse . The 15-axis shed building was built in the area of ​​an earlier bastion of the city fortifications. It held 100 cars on the ground floor and 60 cars on the upper floor, which were carried by a carriage elevator. From 1867 until the relocation to a new barracks in Vahrenwald in 1877 , the Remisen belonged to the Hanover Military Riding Institute . In 1878 the architect Ferdinand Wallbrecht converted the coach house into a commercial building. After destruction in the Second World War and demolition, eight building axes have been preserved. The building complex has been used by Üstra since 1988 .

Urban archaeological research 2016

Excavations in the western area of ​​Marstallplatz, 2016
Stratification in an excavation area
Excavations in the eastern area of ​​Marstallplatz with remains of the poor house and orphanage on Schmiedestrasse , 2016

As part of the Hannover City 2020 + redesign project, two multi-storey residential and commercial buildings were built on the elongated, around 6000 m² Marstallplatz . They were created in the western and eastern areas on the site that has been used as a parking lot in recent decades. In both places, urban archaeological investigations were carried out before the construction work began , which lasted around three months in early 2016. The costs were borne by the respective builders in accordance with the polluter pays principle laid down in the Lower Saxony Monument Protection Act .

In the western area of ​​Marstallplatz near the Leine, human bones were found in the ground during preparatory construction work. Conservationists suspected a medieval cemetery or the burial of a dead person from a breeding and poor house there until 1745.

Extensive archaeological investigations began at the end of 2015 in the western area of ​​Marstallplatz. They covered an area of ​​1700 m² in an area in which the buildings of the New Marstall and Reithaus were. The measures, which last about three months, are being carried out by an excavation company with professional support from the municipal monument authority and the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation . With the excavations reaching down to a depth of 4.5 meters, the archaeologists hoped not only to gain knowledge about the modern stables, but also to penetrate the settlement layers of early Hanover from the 12th and 13th centuries. The excavation area belongs to the north-western edge of the medieval core of Hanover, where a feudal estate from the 10th to 12th centuries is believed. During the excavations, remnants of the city ​​wall were found to be 6 meters long. There were also two trenches in the city fortifications, the inner and outer trenches, which were later filled in or silted up. The inner ditch from around the 14th to 15th centuries had a sole ditch as a forerunner and was later redesigned into a pointed ditch. An area with stone packings was referred to as the former wall tower of the city wall. Other findings during the excavation were a burned-down wooden cellar 6 m wide and of unknown length as well as a wooden box well in which the remains of non-ferrous metal processing were found.

Also in the eastern area of ​​the square on Schmiedestrasse, where an approximately 1,200 m² plot of land was built on, there were archaeological investigations lasting about three months before construction began. There, archaeologists initially saw a low likelihood of informative findings , as there was a gas station with underground tanks in the area in the 1950s. After a short time, however, they came across remains of the building remains of the poor and orphanage on Schmiedestrasse, built in 1643 by the Hanoverian merchant Johann Duve . The structure used the city wall as a building wall. In addition, the archaeologists discovered the city moat, which was filled in around 1643, under the poor house and orphanage.

Similar excavations as a result of construction projects were carried out in the immediate vicinity on the Leine in 2013 on the Hohen Ufer and in 2014 on the former Leine island Klein Venedig . Together with the investigations at the Marstall, these are the first large-scale excavations in Hanover's old town since the urban archaeological investigations between 1982 and 1987 on Bohlendamm, which runs between the Marktkirche and the Leineschloss.

Finds

At the beginning of the excavations, foundations and cellars of houses from the 18th and 19th centuries were discovered in the upper soil layers , which were filled with war rubble from the Second World War. The bayonet of a Mauser 71 manufactured from the 1870s and everyday objects from the 20th century were among the first finds . Other finds were ceramics, such as pots and jugs, from the 13th and early 14th centuries and a shard dated to the 9th to 11th centuries. The shards of a drinking cup made of high-quality red glass are rated as the most important find. According to the investigations, the cup was probably made in the Rhineland , where the appropriate manufacturing technology was available.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Hofmarställe am Hohen Ufer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The new Marstall fountain gushes and glows. Retrieved February 28, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Marstall becomes the new problem area in the city. Retrieved February 28, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Architectural competition decided ( Memento of the original of March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at hannover.de from October 6, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hannover.de
  4. ↑ Development on Am Marstall at hannover.de from February 16, 2015.
  5. ↑ a b Conrad von Meding: Plans for the Marstall are ready in the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of August 8, 2014.
  6. ↑ Conrad von Meding: Where do these bones come from? in Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from May 14, 2015.
  7. ↑ Jörn Kießler, Conrad von Meding: Archaeologists find further bones in Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from May 19, 2015.
  8. ↑ Isabell Rollenhagen: Construction work on the Marstall discontinued in Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from January 5, 2016.
  9. ↑ First finds at the Marstall at hannover.de on January 13, 2016.
  10. ↑ Researchers in Hanover probably uncover remains of the old city wall in: Kreiszeitung from January 13, 2016.
  11. ↑ STRABAG Real Estate starts construction work on the Marstall in Hanover on January 15, 2016.
  12. ↑ GinYuu opens first branch in Hanover in Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from January 15, 2016.
  13. ↑ Andreas Schinkel: Drinking cups from the Middle Ages found in Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung of June 22, 2016.

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 23 "  N , 9 ° 43 ′ 49"  E