Arnsberger Schambachtal
The Arnsberger Schambachtal , also called the middle Schambachtal , is a five-kilometer-long, scenic side valley of the Altmühltal formed by the Schambach river and flows into it from the south near Arnsberg in the Eichstätt district .
Name interpretation
Even today one speaks of the Schambach dialect as the "Schamma". From Middle High German, this could mean “briefly flowing water” (“schamm” = short; “a, ach” = flowing water). Another interpretation sees the Middle High German "schamber / schmaper" (= dance dress) as eponymous; according to this, the Schambach would be a water that flows “prancing in high spirits”. In fact, the Schambach has quite a gradient that enabled six mills to be operated on its short run. - Like the valley, the settlement at the northern beginning of the valley is called the Arnsberg district "Schambachtal".
Mills
Upstream of the Schambach are the former mills Böllermühle, Forstermühle, Petermühle, Lohmühle, Rotermühle and Hintermühle.
- Böllermühle : The mill is mentioned for the first time around 1370 in a Salbuch of the Arnsberg rule as Habermühle . Around 1430 the mill was deserted due to economic hardship. In 1674 the current name appears for the first time in the form of Pöllmühl / Pellermühle . In the early 18th century, the Böllermüller donated 30 guilders for a chasuble in Arnsberg. In 1811 the miller bought two altars from the closed Notre Dame monastery in Eichstätt and donated them to the church of Arnsberg, where they are now used as side altars. In 1847 the value of the Böllermühle, which at that time included 40 days of forest work, was estimated at 8,000 guilders. This made it the richest mill in the Schambach valley. Because of the forest ownership, a sawmill was attached to it until the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Georg Renner acquired the mill in 1931. In 1937 the mill wheel was replaced by a turbine , in 1943 a grain store and in 1945 a bakery with a “modern oven” was built. The four-story mill building dates from 1947. In November 1949 a fire destroyed the top floor, which was rebuilt. (Heimgarten, December 3, 1949). In 1952, the miller's son and baker Georg had a fatal accident; the mill's bakery was closed soon after. (Heimgarten from June 5, 1954)
- Forstermühle : It will be the mill that Count Gebhard VII von Hirschberg sold to the Plankstetten monastery in 1305 . In the stone lintel of the entrance you can find the year 1585 with the initials MF (= Forster's mill?). The mill, which was also called Leitenmühle , was worth 2850 guilders in 1755. By 1843 it had been rebuilt under Müller Eustach Hackner. In a change of ownership in 1892 it is mentioned that the grinding mill was connected to a sawmill; the total value of the plant was then 13,000 marks. In 1922 the mill went to the Munich settlement and land bank for 450,000 marks. In the same year Johann and Pauline Freitag bought the property for 190,000 marks. After the Second World War, a four-story “modern” art mill was built and a large chicken farm was operated for a while. (Heimgarten from June 19, 1954)
- Petermühle : The oldest known name of this mill is fire mill . The name is probably related to the fact that the landlord of this mill was the Heilig-Geist-Spital in Eichstätt; the altar sheet of the hospital church by Oswald Onghers from 1701 shows the Whitsun miracle and with it tongues of fire . In 1624 the miller Michael Weiß ("Weißelmühle") was sentenced to a fine for secretly selling a calf to a butcher from Pfalzpaint and thus abroad (Pfalzpaint belonged to Pfalz-Neuburg ). In 1662 the mill was rebuilt under Balthasar Hainle. In 1720 Peter Hilpert acquired the mill, which probably became Petermühle through his first name . In 1824 the miller Anton Straßer was allowed to install a linen rammer or an oil blower to process beechnuts , which were plentiful in the community of Schambach. In 1834 the value of the mill was 750 guilders. In 1884 the miller Franz Schuster installed the first turbine in a Schambacher mill. In 1899 the mill was passed on to the Wagner family, who then lived there. In the 1950s, the sawing business had become more important than the grinding business, which only served to cover personal needs. (Heimgarten from June 19, 1954 and July 3, 1954)
- Lohmühle : The mill was first mentioned in 1545 without a name. "Lohmühle" means that in earlier times spruce or oak bark was ground in the mill to make tan for the tanners . The legend reports that a maid from the Lohmühle found a tinny monstrance with the cross particle, which founded the pilgrimage to Schambach. The Wies Chapel of St. Helena ( belonging to the Rotenmühle ) was built above the site in 1724 . In 1616 the mill was valued at 800 and in 1625 at 1000 guilders. In 1630 the mill is referred to as a grass mill . In 1669 Leonhard Straßer can be identified as Graßmüller; the street miller family occurs repeatedly in the area (e.g. Wassermühle zu Grösdorf , Brunnmühle bei Walting). In 1770, the mill was given to the “spiritual courtesy” and thus to the ecclesiastical tax authority Eichstätt, which sold it on to the miller Johann Haidt in the same year. After that, the owners changed frequently. The grinder has long been "dismantled". (Heimgarten from July 3, 1954)
- Rotenmühle : This mill is also mentioned for the first time without a name in a list of validities from 1545. In 1603 Wolf Hayden is attested as resident at the Rotenmühle. In 1640 the mill was first mentioned as a Lebzeltermühl ; maybe it was temporarily pledged to a Lebzelter (= pastry chef ). This name of the mill is still used in the 18th century. The value of the mill was estimated at 1,021 guilders in 1741 after deducting the property, i.e. the property of the miller family. The mill passed from the Haid (t) family to Johann and Anna Maria Stark von Walting in 1856 and from them to Josef and Kreszenz Wenzl von Walting in 1885. The mill wheel was still turning at the Rotenmühle in the 1950s, but only to generate electricity. (Heimgarten from July 17, 1954)
- Hintermühle : The original name was Heiligkreuzmühle or, for short, Kreuzmühle ; it was closest to the Schmabacher Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche before the Schambacher school house was built (1754/55). In 1545 a Fritz Teißtel is mentioned as Kreuzmüller. Because of its location in the Schambachtal, the name top mill or rear mill came up. In the 18th century the Preunl / Preindl family, Andreas Eder and from 1780 Katharina Straßer run the mill. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the owner changed several times. The mill has been shut down for a long time. For a while the mill building continued to be operated as a “seventh heaven economy”. (Heimgarten from July 31, 1954)
Place Schambach
Between Lohmühle and Hintermühle small village located Schambach with a prince-bishop of the Grisons architect Giovanni Domenico Barbieri 1755/56 built rococo - Sanctuary of "Holy Cross " and a baroque chapel , the "Brünndlkapelle" the so-called Gnadenbrünnlein where springs from a side stream of Schambach and a cross particle is said to have been found.
Prehistoric fortifications
In the Jura mountains of eastern Talhanges can be found at the height of firecrackers mill ( "Roman Mountain") and the Lohmühle section walls and at the height of the headwaters of a ski jump .
Hollow stone
After the Hintermühle and the Schambach springs, the valley turns into the dry valley "Katzental". South of the Schambach springs lies the “ Hohle Stein ” in Herrnholz , a 17 meter deep, scientifically very productive cave in the dolomite rock , where the Neanderthals have already left their mark.
literature
- Anton Gäck: To the lovely Schambachtal . In: Heimgarten 23 (1952), No. 25, 26
- Jakob Buchberger: The Böllermühle through the ages. In. Heimgarten 20 (1949), No. 14
- Jakob Buchberger: On the history of the Schambacher mills . In: Heimgarten 25 (1954), No. 12-17
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 54 ′ 35 " N , 11 ° 21 ′ 48" E