Artemi Bagratowitsch Chalatow

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AB Chalatov (with a full beard, right in front of the child standing in front of Trotsky) in Moscow in 1919

Artemi Bagratowitsch Chalatow ( Russian Арташес (Артемий) Багратович Халатов , born April 15 July / April 27,  1894 greg. In Baku , according to another source on April 21, 1896 ; † October 27, 1938 in Moscow ) was a Soviet party functionary Publisher.

Pre-revolutionary life

According to the Soviet accounts, Chalatow was a working class child, and according to recent research he came from a wealthy Jewish family of traders. In 1912 he graduated from secondary school and went to Moscow to study for four years at the Institute for National Economy (now the Plekhanov Business Academy ). He joined Marxist student groups there. In 1915 he was a co-initiator and organizer of the “student food supply”, which procured food from Transcaucasia . At the time, he became friends with Anastas Hovhannessi Mikojan .

Functionary of the KPR (B)

After the February Revolution of 1917 he was appointed to a working group on food supply in the Moscow Rajon chosen Samoskworetsko. He befriended the President of the City Committee and on August 5, the Bolsheviks, representing his rajon, also appointed him Vice-President of the Moscow Food Committee. With membership number 5 of his borough soviet he entered the KPR (B) . During the October Revolution he was appointed a member of the "Military Revolutionary Committee" of Samoskvoretsko and on the second day of the revolution he was appointed assistant to the "Extraordinary Commissioner for Food and Transport". After reorganization into a ministry in 1918, Khalatov became a member of the presidium and organized Moscow food rationing. In August of that year he replaced Alexei Ivanovich Rykov as commissioner of the Moscow supply.

He traveled with a negotiating delegation to Pavlo Skoropadskyj's " Ukrainian People's Republic " to procure food, but was imprisoned for two months and then deported to Moscow, where he continued his work as supreme supervisor of the food supply. In the autumn of 1919 he was head of central supply for the Red Army for a short time . Because of bottlenecks, he was now appointed to represent the labor and defense sectors, and he organized their supplies for two years until it was dissolved. Because of the requisition of food with the help of the Cheka in the Volga region, he is said to be partly responsible for the great famine of 1921/22 , in which possibly 5 million people died, and for which the International Trade Union Confederation ( Chuvashia ) collected at the time .

With Lenin's New Economic Policy , Chalatov became head of the “Commission for the Improvement of the Supply of Scientists” in the SowNarKom . Following an offer from Dzerzhinsky , he joined the Narkomata College in 1922 , where he was again involved until 1927 and later between 1932 and 1935.

In 1923, as head of the “National Supply” cooperative, which he headed until its end under Stalin in 1929, he developed a company supply system and established company kitchens, the first of which was opened in 1925 in Ivanovo-Voznesensk . In addition, he was chairman of the inter-ministerial committee for transport and from 1924 head of the railways office. When the company "Transport" was founded in 1924, Chalatow became its board member. 1927–1929 he was rector of the Moscow Institute for National Economy.

publisher

From 1927 Chalatow was a member of the board of Narkomprosa and from 1932 managing director of the United State Publishers of the USSR. Chalatow was co-editor of the first edition of the "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" ( OGIS ) and a member of the board of directors of the edition of the magazine "International Literature". As such, he had significant influence on Soviet publications and acted as a censor . In 1930 he mourned the funeral commission for the death of Vladimir Mayakovsky , whose portrait he had removed from the edition of “Press and Revolution” 10 days earlier. Chalatow published various Western authors such as George Bernard Shaw and Lion Feuchtwanger in the Soviet Union, who were generously rewarded for this in foreign currency. A first payment was made with the prospect of further installments due as soon as the author appeared in his homeland in the sense of the Soviet Union. André Gide , who traveled to the SU in 1936, could not be convinced: his book "Retour de l'URSS" led to his defamation as a traitor by the left loyal to the Stalin worldwide.

In addition to these activities, Chalatov published a number of articles in periodicals such as "On the Question of Wages", "Lenin and Labor Productivity", "About Experts", "Our Enterprises and Economic Development", "About Socialist Accumulation ", "The Situation in Transport", "The Turkestan- Siberian railway line", "The trade unions in the struggle for the improvement of the lives of the workers", "We should organize economic self-defense" and the like. a.

From 1935 to 1937 Chalatow was head of the "Central Committee of the All Union Society of Inventors". He actively participated in the Great Terror that began in the summer of 1936 by publishing defamatory articles about various groups of people who were already the focus of the Soviet state security NKVD . In February 1937 he published one of his last articles in the journal “News of the Central Election Commission” (Известиях ЦИК): “Technical Innovation and Stagnation”, in which he alleged sabotage against some members of the inventor society and suggested their arrest.

However, his loyalty to the line did not prevent him from falling into the clutches of the NKVD himself. In 1937 Chalatow was expelled from the KPR (B), of which he was a delegate at the 14th to 16th party congress . Executed on October 27, 1938, he was rehabilitated after Stalin's death.

literature

  • Edel Mirowa-Florin (Ed.): Maxim Gorki . Correspondence with friends . German by Hartmut Herboth and Walter Schade. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin et al. 1986, ISBN 3-351-00109-6 .
  • Peter Rollberg: The Modern Encyclopedia of East Slavic, Baltic, and Eurasian Literatures . Volume 9. Gosizdat, AB Khalatov. Gulf Breeze, Fla. : Academic International Press. 1 (1978) - 9 (1989) earlier: The modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet literatures (MERSL) .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://hoaxes.org/photo_database/image/trotsky_vanishes
  2. ↑ Article Artemi Bagratowitsch Chalatow in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D118198~2a%3D~2b%3DArtemi%20Bagratowitsch%20Chalatow
  3. ↑ Juri Karabtschijewski. The Resurrection of Mayakovsky. Munich: Strana i mir, 1985., Chapter 10 (Russian)
  4. ↑ Donald Day : Onward Christian Soldiers: An American Journalist's Dissident Look at World War II. Noontide Press. Newport Beach CA. 2002. (First print Sweden 1944) ISBN 0939482622
  5. ↑ http://www.ruthenia.ru/moskva/encycl/h/halatov.htm
personal data
SURNAME Chalatow, Artemi Bagratowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Халатов, Арташес Багратович (Russian); Халатов, Артемий Багратович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet functionary and publisher
DATE OF BIRTH April 27, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Baku
DATE OF DEATH October 27, 1938
Place of death Moscow