Arturo Nathan

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Exile (1928)

Arturo Nathan (born December 17, 1891 in Trieste , Austria-Hungary ; died November 25, 1944 in Biberach an der Riss ) was a British-Italian painter.

Life

Arturo Nathan was the son of the wealthy businessman Jacob Nathan with Iraqi-Jewish roots and a British passport from Bombay, as well as Alice Luzzatto from Trieste. He attended the Lyceum in Trieste; for further commercial training he moved to Genoa and London . During World War I , Nathan went to Great Britain and was drafted into the British Army as a soldier .

Nathan returned to Trieste in 1919 with severe war trauma , where he began painting as an autodidact on the advice of the psychiatrist Edoardo Weiss . He received lessons from Giovanni Zangrando .

He had contact with the Trieste intellectual circles around Umberto Saba and Italo Svevo . His early pictures of the 1920s in oil and tempera on wood were influenced by symbolism and, subsequently, by Henri Rousseau , Paul Gauguin and Georges Seurat and the Valori Plastici magazine founded in 1918 . In 1925 he came into contact with Giorgio De Chirico and his brother Alberto Savinio in Rome and became a representative of Italian magical realism . Ancient ruins, statues, horses and sinking ships now appeared in his coastal paintings. In 1926 he took part in the Tre Venezie art exhibition in Padua and in 1926, 1928, 1930, 1932 and 1936 at the Venice Biennale .

He had his only group exhibition in 1929 with Leonor Fini and Carlo Sbisà in the Galleria Vittorio Barbaroux in Milan . He was also represented at the Quadriennale d'Arte Nazionale in Rome in 1931 and 1935. In 1935 Jacques Girmounsky wrote a monograph on him in French, followed by another in Italian by Umbro Apollonio in 1936 .

Nathan was also affected by the racial laws that were gradually introduced in Italy from September 1938 , so that he was no longer allowed to exhibit after 1938. His paintings became increasingly gloomy. He moved to Rome to live with his sister. After Italy entered the war in 1940, Nathan was imprisoned as a British man in internment camps in Offida and Falerone in the Marche . After the German occupation of Italy in 1943, he was sent to the Fossoli transit camp set up by the fascists near Carpi, and in 1944 the Germans deported him to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. He was a so-called exchange Jew in the camp Lindele moved to Biberach, where he died in the camp hospital after a few days.

After the end of the war, De Chirico wrote an obituary in the Domenica newspaper . Umbro Appolonio organized a retrospective at the 24th Venice Biennale in 1948. Nathan was then forgotten until the late 1960s.

In 2017, the Teatro Miela held a performance for the first time in Trieste under the title artista della solitudine that commemorates the artist.

  • Works

  • Il ghiaccio del mare (1928)

  • Costa ghiacciata con rovine (1929)

  • Statua (1930)

  • Nave naufragata (1930)

literature

  • Eberhard Kasten: Nathan, Arturo . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 92, de Gruyter, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-023258-5 , p. 23.
  • Eleonora Chinappi:  Nathan, Arturo. In: Raffaele Romanelli (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 77:  Morlini-Natolini. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2012.
  • Jacques Girmounsky: Arturo Nathan peintre . Paris 1935
  • Vittorio Sgarbi : Arturo Nathan. Illusione e destino . Exhibition catalog. Fabbri, Milan 1992.
  • Nicoletta Zanni:  Nathan, Arturo. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 38.
  • Reinhold Adler: It wasn't just “Carnival in August”: the internment camp Biberach an der Riss 1942–1945; History - background . Biberacher Studien Vol. 6, edited by the municipal archives of Biberach an der Riss. In cooperation with the Society for Homeland Care (Art and Antiquity Association) Biberach eV Municipal Archives Biberach, Biberach 2002, ISBN 978-3-9806818-2-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Eberhard Kasten: Arturo Nathan , in: AKL, 2016
  2. ^ Sbisà, Carlo , (1899–1964), in Enciclopedia Treccani
  3. ↑ Reinhold Adler: The dead of the Lindele camp on the Jewish cemetery in Laupheim , at: Society for History and Commemoration Laupheim.
    According to Adler, Nathan's wife Jeanette, who was ten years his senior and came from London , was also on the transport from Bergen-Belsen.
  4. ↑ The date of death at ÖBL is November 27, 1944
  5. ^ Teatro Miela , website
  6. ↑ Morgana Cescon: Il Museo Revoltella presenta l'artista della solitudine Arturo Nathan , triesteall, July 12, 2018
  7. ^ Arturo Nathan. Artista della solitudine , at Teatro Miela
personal data
SURNAME Nathan, Arturo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nathan, Abramo Arturo; Nathan, Arthur
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian painter
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH Trieste
DATE OF DEATH November 25, 1944
Place of death Biberach an der Riss