Asian spotted poppy
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Asian spotted poppy ( Roemeria refracta ) |
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The Asian spotted poppy ( Roemeria refracta ) is a species of the poppy family (Papaveraceae). It is common from Southwest Asia to Central Asia.
description
Appearance and leaf
The Asian spotted poppy is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 40 centimeters. The vertically growing and slightly branched taproot is stalk around at a diameter of up to 8 centimeters. The upright, branched stem is sparsely covered with dark hairs.
The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette and alternately distributed on the stem. The many basal leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. Your leaf sheath is inflated. Your dark bristly hairy petiole is 3 to 8 inches long. The leaf blade of the basal leaves is green, with a length of 3 to 8 centimeters in outline ovate and pinnate with linear or linear-elongated leaf sections. The end section is linear-oblong with a length of 3 to 12 millimeters and a width of 2 to 5 millimeters. The leaf veins can be seen on both leaf surfaces and the underside of the leaf is sparsely hairy with bristles. The stem leaves are short stalked or almost sessile. The leaf blades of the stem leaves are similar to those of the basal leaves, but smaller.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period in China extends from April to June. The flowers are arranged individually in the leaf axil. The flower stalk, which is up to 14 centimeters long, has dark, bristly hair when pressed down. The semi-hanging flower buds are egg-shaped with a length of 1.5 to 2 centimeters or spherical to oblong-pear-shaped with a length of 12 to 14 millimeters and a width of 5 to 6 millimeters. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four-fold with a double flower envelope . The two sepals with sparsely bristly hair on the outside are ovate with a length of 12 to 14 millimeters and a width of about 8 millimeters with a helmet-shaped upper end and fall off when the flower opens. The four orange-red to scarlet-red petals often have at their base an egg-shaped to almost circular sap mark with a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters, which looks black in the human eye and has a white border . The petals are obovate to almost circular with a length of 2 to 2.5 centimeters. There are many stamens present. The dark purple to blackish, free stamens are linear with a length of about 1 millimeter. The anthers are elongated with a length of 1.5 to 2 millimeters and a width of about 1 millimeter. Four carpels are a bare, single-chamber, upper permanent ovary deformed, is cylindrical with a length from 1 to 1.8 centimeters. The short stylus ends in a downward sloping, four-lobed, cephalic scar; the scar lobes are ciliated.
Fruit and seeds
In China, the fruits ripen between April and June. The bald capsule fruit is 2 to 5 centimeters in length and 2 to 2.5 millimeters in diameter, rarely up to 3 millimeters, narrow-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved and tapering towards the top. The capsule fruit has a bristly hairy appendage about 1 millimeter long between the scar lobes, which is curved inward and extends above the scar. When ripe, the capsule fruit usually opens with four lobes from the top towards the base; the fruit flaps are then smooth or somewhat bristly. Each capsule fruit contains many seeds. With a diameter of about 1 millimeter, the kidney-shaped seeds have a gray seed coat , which is carved in a honeycomb shape on the outside with light orange-colored tiny warts.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.
distribution
The Asian spotted poppy is widespread from Southwest Asia to Central Asia . It occurs in the Asian part of Turkey , Iran , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Dagestan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Afghanistan , western Pakistan and China only in the autonomous region of Xinjiang . In Xinjiang it is only native to the Ili He Valley. Roemeria refracta is a neophyte in North America , the first detection was made in Utah .
Ingredients and toxicity
All parts of the plant are poisonous and contain various apomorphine alkaloids, mainly Romanine .
Systematics
The first description of Roemeria refracta was in 1821 by Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle in Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale , Volume 2, p. 93. Synonyms for Roemeria refracta DC. are: Glaucium refractum Nábelek , Roemeria bicolor rule , Roemeria rhoeadiflora Boiss. , Papaver refractum K.F. Ginther .
From Roemeria refracta there are two subspecies:
- Roemeria refracta subsp. occidentalis Kadereit : It occurs naturally only in Southwest Asia and is a neophyte in Eastern Europe.
- Roemeria refracta subsp. refracta
swell
- Mingli Zhang & Christopher Gray-Wilson: Roemeria : Roemeria refracta , p. 284 - online with the same text as the printed work, In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8 (sections description, distribution and classification)
- Robert William Kiger: Roemeria : Roemeria refracta - the same text online as the printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6 (Description and Distribution Sections)
- Roemeria refracta at Tropicos.org of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis , text from: Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri & Mohammad Qaiser: Flora of West Pakistan , Volume 61 - Papaveraceae , Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (among others), Rawalpindi 1974. (sections Description and distribution)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Roemeria refracta in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Mingli Zhang & Christopher Gray-Wilson: Roemeria : Roemeria refracta , p. 284 - online with the same text as the printed work, In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Roemeria refracta at Tropicos.org of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis , text from: Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri & Mohammad Qaiser: Flora of West Pakistan , Volume 61 - Papaveraceae , Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (et al.), Rawalpindi 1974.
- ↑ a b c Robert William Kiger: Roemeria : Roemeria refracta - same text online as the printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press , New York and Oxford, 1997. ISBN 0-19-511246-6
- ↑ data sheet at giftpflanze.com
- ^ Roemeria refracta at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 27, 2014.
- ↑ M. Aghababian, 2011: Papaveroideae : data sheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
