Astrilde

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Astrilde
Nunnery

Nunnery

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Passeroidea
Family : Fine finches (Estrildidae)
Subfamily : Estrildinae
Genre : Astrilde
Scientific name
Estrilda
Swainson , 1827

Astrilde is the popular name for the representatives of the species-richest genus of African finches , the Estrilda . Some species play an important role in the care of ornamental birds.

description

Astrilde are small, splendid finches. Most reach a body length of ten to twelve centimeters. Many have a body plumage that partially shows a fine transverse undulation. A striking feature of some species is the seal-wax red beak. These Astrilde very often have a red eye stripe. In most species, the sexual dimorphism is only slightly pronounced.

Astrilde are agile birds whose diet consists mainly of grass seeds. Balancing on the blade of grass, they are able to pick the seeds from the fruit clusters. The distribution areas of most Astrilde are large. For most species, they extend over an area south of the Sahara . They are only missing in the tropical rainforest . Only the black bridle , the anambra and the Yemen have relatively small distribution areas. Some species also colonize high altitudes. The breeding season varies internally depending on the distribution area. In several species it falls in the second half of the rainy season or at the beginning of the dry season . The nests are often rounded or pear-shaped and some have very long entrance tubes. Many species build a so-called cock's nest above the actual nest . In some areas of wave branches , cock nests are regularly found, which are built on top of the actual ball nest as a second, semi-vaulted nest. The function of this cock's nest has not been conclusively clarified; possibly it is a distraction strategy against nest enemies. These ultimately also include widow birds, which are the breeding parasites of a number of species of fine finch.

Danger

Wave astrilde

Most species are classified as safe by the IUCN. As a rule, they have a very wide distribution, even if some species occur only sporadically in most of their range. The black reins have not been sighted since 1950. The IUCN lists it in the “ data deficient ” category , as further studies are necessary to clarify its status as a valid species, its population status and its distribution. The Anambraa has a very small range and the population is estimated to be less than 1000 individuals. Therefore, this species is classified as endangered by the IUCN.

attitude

Astrilde play a very different role in the keeping of ornamental birds. Anambraastrild and Yemenastrild have probably never been cared for in human care. Orange cheeks belong to the most frequently kept African finches , together with the wave and the gray . Most of the birds traded today are still caught in the wild, as the number of offspring can by no means satisfy demand.
As a result of ornamental bird keeping, the wavelike is established as a neozoon in numerous regions of the world : on St. Helena , Ascension , Mauritius , Réunion , Tahiti , the Seychelles , Hawaii and in parts of Brazil . The wavelike tribes found on the Cape Verde Islands are said to be descendants of individuals who escaped from an animal transport from Angola around 1865 . In Europe, wavelike trildes have been breeding in Spain and Portugal since 1964 . This population on the Iberian Peninsula was estimated at 20,000 to 200,000 individuals for 1998. Wave astrilda also occur on the islands of Madeira , Gran Canaria and the Azores .

species

Kappenastrild
Wellenastrild

The following species and subspecies are currently included in the genus Estrilda :

  • Wellenastrild ( Estrilda astrild ( Linnaeus , 1758))
    • Estrilda astrild adesma Reichenow , 1916
    • Estrilda astrild angolensis Reichenow , 1902
    • Estrilda astrild astrild ( Linnaeus , 1758)
    • Estrilda astrild, Cavendishi Sharpe , 1900
    • Estrilda astrild damarensis Reichenow , 1902
    • Estrilda astrild jagoensis Alexander , 1898
    • Estrilda astrild Kempi Bates , 1930
    • Estrilda astrild macmillani Ogilvie-Grant , 1907
    • Estrilda astrild massaica Neumann , 1907
    • Estrilda astrild minor ( Cabanis , 1878)
    • Estrilda astrild niediecki Reichenow , 1916
    • Estrilda astrild occidentalis Jardine & Fraser , 1851
    • Estrilda astrild peasei Shelley , 1903
    • Estrilda astrild rubriventris ( Vieillot , 1823)
    • Estrilda astrild Schoutedeni Wolters , 1962
    • Estrilda astrild sousae Reichenow , 1904
    • Estrilda astrild tenebridorsa Clancey , 1957
  • Kappenastrild ( Estrilda atricapilla J. Verreaux & E. Verreaux , 1851)
    • Estrilda atricapilla atricapilla J. Verreaux & E. Verreaux , 1851
    • Estrilda atricapilla avakubi Traylor , 1964
    • Estrilda atricapilla marungensis Prigogine , 1975
  • Schönbürzel ( Estrilda caerulescens ( Vieillot , 1817))
  • Feenastrild ( Estrilda charmosyna ( Reichenow , 1881))
    • Estrilda charmosyna charmosyna ( Reichenow , 1881)
    • Estrilda charmosyna kiwanukae Someren , 1919
    • Estrilda charmosyna pallidior Jackson , 1910
  • Elfenastrild ( Estrilda erythronotos ( Vieillot , 1817))
    • Estrilda erythronotos delamerei Sharpe , 1900
    • Estrilda erythronotus erythronotus ( Vieillot , 1817)
    • Estrilda erythronotos soligena Clancey , 1964
  • Grünastrild ( Estrilda melanotis ( Temminck , 1823))
    • Estrilda melanotis bocagei ( Shelley , 1903)
    • Estrilda melanotis melanotis ( Temminck , 1823)
  • Orange cheeks ( Estrilda melpoda ( Vieillot , 1817))
    • Estrilda melpoda melpoda ( Vieillot , 1817)
    • Estrilda melpoda chadensis Grote , 1922
  • Black- bridle tiger ( Estrilda nigriloris Chapin , 1928)
  • Nonnenastrild ( Estrilda nonnula Hartlaub , 1883)
    • Estrilda nonnula eisentrauti Wolters , 1964
    • Estrilda nonnula elizae Alexander , 1903
    • Estrilda nonnula nonnula Hartlaub , 1883
  • Swamp deer ( Estrilda paludicola Heuglin , 1863)
    • Estrilda paludicola benguellensis Neumann , 1908
    • Estrilda paludicola marwitzi Reichenow , 1900
    • Estrilda paludicola ochrogaster Salvadori , 1897
    • Estrilda paludicola paludicola Heuglin , 1863
    • Estrilda paludicola roseicrissa Reichenow , 1892
    • Estrilda paludicola ruthae Chapin , 1950
  • Blacktail Schönbürzel ( Estrilda perreini ( Vieillot , 1817))
    • Estrilda perreini perreini ( Vieillot , 1817)
    • Estrilda perreini poliogastra Reichenow , 1886
    • Estrilda perreini torrida Clancey , 1974
  • Anambraastrild ( Estrilda poliopareia ( Reichenow , 1902))
  • Yellow-bellied astrilda ( Estrilda quartinia Bonaparte , 1850)
    • Estrilda quartinia kilimensis ( Sharpe , 1890)
    • Estrilda quartinia quartinia Bonaparte , 1850
    • Estrilda quartinia stuartirwini Clancey , 1969
  • Bridlewort ( Estrilda rhodopyga Sundevall , 1850)
    • Estrilda rhodopyga centralis Kothe , 1911
    • Estrilda rhodopyga rhodopyga Sundevall , 1850
  • Yemeni fawn ( Estrilda rufibarba ( Cabanis , 1851))
  • Cinderella Schönbürzel ( Estrilda thomensis Sousa , 1888)
  • Greyastrild ( Estrilda troglodytes ( Lichtenstein , 1823))

supporting documents

literature

Web links

Commons : Astrilde ( Estrilda )  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Nicolai et al., P. 254.
  2. ↑ Nicolai et al., P. 258.
  3. ↑ Birdlife species factsheet on the black grouse , accessed on June 18, 2010
  4. ↑ BirdLife factsheet on the Anambraastrild , accessed on July 18, 2010
  5. ↑ Nicolai et al., P. 252.
  6. ↑ Estrilda at Avibase