August finger

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August Anton Franz Finger (born April 2, 1858 in Lemberg in Galicia , † September 2, 1935 in Halle (Saale) ) was an Austrian - German lawyer and university professor in Prague, Würzburg and Halle.

Life

August Finger, a brother of the dermatologist Ernest Finger, was the son of the professor of internal medicine in Lemberg Josef Theodor Finger (1819–1899), married to Friederike (1828–1909). From 1876 to 1880 August Finger completed his law studies at the Charles University in Prague , the University of Vienna and the University of Leipzig . He became a member of the Carolina Prague fraternity , after 1945 the Carolina fraternity in Prague in Munich. After passing his exams , he entered the Austrian judicial and administrative service. After completing his habilitation in Prague in 1890 , he gave up the judicial service and now devoted himself entirely to teaching and research, especially in the field of criminal law and legal philosophy , which were closely linked, especially at the time. In 1891 he was appointed associate professor at the German University in Prague and in 1894 he was appointed professor of criminal law. Via the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg in 1900 he came to the Martin Luther University in Halle-Wittenberg in 1902 , where he held the chair for criminal law including criminal procedure , international law and constitutional law until his retirement in 1926 .

Act

August Finger saw himself in the midst of the great disputes about the legal basis and purpose of criminal law, placed in the dispute between the so-called classical and the so-called modern school. Like Karl Binding , as whose pupil he described himself, he defended the basic ideas of the classical school in word and in writing, which emerges particularly clearly from his treatise Crime and Punishment as a real phenomenon , and confessed himself to be a scientific opponent of the dazzling trends that were under seek protection under the wing of a sociological criminal law . From 1904 onwards, at Binding's suggestion, he acted as co-editor of the “courtroom”, the leading publication organ of the classical school. In many other ways he followed the views of his teacher. So he basically made his theory of norms his own. On the other hand, as a pure determinist , he rejected Binding's mediating standpoint on free will . The most important of his works are the textbooks on Austrian criminal law in 1891, 1894/1898 and German criminal law, published in 1904. With the former he made a great contribution to Austrian criminal law studies. He compiled literature from German and Austrian criminal law, supplemented by Czech and Polish works, so that a work that is unique in Austria was created. In addition, he was interested in criminal law reforms, both in Austria and in Germany. In the field of criminal law, he was one of the first to subject the Weimar Constitution to a thorough scientific investigation.

Fonts

  • Co-editor of the Prague Legal Quarterly , 1890–1902
  • Austrian criminal law , 1891
  • Legal psychiatric border questions , 1902–1914
  • Outlines of Austrian law in individual representations , since 1898
  • Textbook of German Criminal Law , 2 volumes, 1904–1910
  • The problem of guilt , 1907
  • The Sentencing Problem , 1908
  • The death penalty , 1912
  • The Krupp Trial , 1923

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Elsheimer (ed.): Directory of the old fraternity members according to the status of the winter semester 1927/28. Frankfurt am Main 1928, p. 118.
personal data
SURNAME Finger, August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Finger, August Anton Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-German legal scholar
DATE OF BIRTH April 2, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Lviv
DATE OF DEATH September 2, 1935
Place of death Halle (Saale)