Aurel Krause

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Aurel Krause (1881)

Karl Robert Aurel (ius) Krause (born December 30, 1848 in Polish Konopath near Schwetz , West Prussia ; † March 14, 1908 in Groß-Lichterfelde , today Berlin ) was a German naturalist and ethnologist .

Life

Aurel Krause was born in 1848 on the estate of his father August Krause in Polish Konopath in West Prussia. He had several brothers and sisters. Elder brother Albert (1841–1913) emigrated to the United States, took part in the Civil War and became Buffalo City Engineer in the late 1880s . In this role he carried out the first survey of the Niagara Falls . Aurel had particularly close relationships with his younger brother Arthur . Both attended grammar school in Bromberg until they graduated from high school. Aurel first studied architecture and signed up as a soldier when the Franco-German War broke out . He then studied his brother, the natural sciences at the Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Berlin , a teacher was at the Luisenstädtischer secondary school and received his doctorate in 1877 in Berlin to Dr. phil. Aurel taught mineralogy , botany and zoology , but also chemistry , mathematics , physics and French . Scientifically, he initially dealt with the fossils of the northern German Beyrichien Kalk . He wrote several treatises on fossil ostracodes . During the school holidays, the brothers went on extensive trips, including to Italy , Dalmatia , Sweden and Norway .

In 1881 Aurel and Arthur Krause were commissioned by the Geographical Society in Bremen to carry out a natural and ethnographic expedition to the Bering Strait . It was arranged by Gustav Nachtigall , the chairman of the Geography Society in Berlin . They started the voyage on April 15, 1881 and reached St. Lawrence Bay via Bremerhaven , New York and San Francisco on August 6 . In the following eight weeks they explored the coasts and coastal areas of the Chukchi Peninsula between Uelen at Cape Deschnjow and the Prowidenija Bay in the south. The result was an abundance of natural and ethnological observations, as evidenced by numerous items in the collection.

Tschilkat Indians (illustration based on a drawing by Krauses from The Tlinkit Indians )
Ethnographic map of the Tlingit area

From October to December 1881 the Krause brothers traveled via San Francisco to the Chilkoot River at the northern end of the Lynn Canal in Alaska . Aurel Krause stayed in Alaska until April 1882 and was mainly concerned with ethnological field research , although he continued to make natural history and geographical observations. In his fundamental work, The Tlinkit Indians , published in 1885, he described the customs and traditions, religion and language of the Tlingit Indian people for the first time .

The herbarium brought by the Krause brothers from the trip was scientifically processed by the botanist Fritz Kurtz (1854–1920), the mosses by Karl Johann August Müller , the liverworts by Franz Stephani (1842–1927). A part of her ethnographic collection is exhibited today in the Bremen Überseemuseum . Quaternary fossils recovered by the Krause brothers in St. Lawrence Bay are part of the geoscientific collection of the University of Bremen .

In 1888 Aurel Krause was editor of the scientific weekly . He also toured Sicily and the Canary Islands in 1893 .

The highest peak of the Takhinsha Mountains in Alaska, the 2,127  m high Mount Krause is named after the Krause brothers, as are the Arthur Glacier and Aurel Glacier glaciers there .

Fonts (selection)

  • Aurel Krause: The fauna of the so-called Beyrichian or Chonet limestone of the northern German Diluvium . In: Journal of the German Geological Society 29, Issue 1, 1877, pp. 1-49
  • Aurel Krause, Arthur Krause: The expedition of the Bremen geographic society to the Chukchi Peninsula and Alaska . In: Deutsche Geographische Blätter 5, 1882, pp. 1–35, 111–153, 177–223, 308–325 ( digitized version )
  • Aurel Krause: The Chilcat area in Alaska . In: Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin 18, 1883, pp. 344–368
  • Aurel Krause: The Tlinkit Indians . Costenoble, Jena 1885 ( digitized version )
  • Aurel Krause: About Beyrichia and related ostracods in sub-Silurian debris . In: Journal of the German Geological Society 41, 1889, pp. 1–26
  • Aurel Krause: Tenerife. Travel sketches from 1893 . In: Deutsche Geographische Blätter 17, 1894, pp. 1–43 ( digitized version )
  • Aurel Krause, Arthur Krause: On the Chukchi Peninsula and the Tlinkit Indians 1881/82. Travel diaries and letters from Aurel and Arthur Krause . Contributions to cultural anthropology, Reimer, 1984. ISBN 3-496-00756-7

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Web links

Commons : Aurel Krause  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter D. Kamphoefner , Wolfgang Johannes Helbich : Germans in the American Civil War. Letters from Front and Farm 1861-1865 . Schöningh, Paderborn 2002. ISBN 3-506-73916-6
  2. ↑ Gerhard Krause, Ingeborg Krause in the foreword to Aurel Krause, Arthur Krause (1984)
  3. ↑ F. Kurtz: The flora of the Chilcat area in southeast Alaska, based on the collections of the Aurel and Arthur Krause brothers . In: Englers Bot. Jahrb. 19, 1895, pp. 327-431
  4. ^ F. Kurtz: The flora of the Chukchi peninsula . In: Englers Bot. Jahrb. 19, 1895, pp. 432-493
  5. ↑ C. Müller: Musci Tschuctschici . In: Botanisches Centralblatt 16, 1883, pp. 57-63
  6. ↑ F. Stephani: Hepaticae from the Alaska peninsula . In: Englers Bot. Jahrb. 8, 1887, pp. 9-77
  7. ↑ Geoscientific Collection of the University of Bremen: Chronology of the Collection , accessed on March 30, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Krause, Aurel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Krause, Karl Robert Aurelius (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ethnologist
DATE OF BIRTH December 30, 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH Polish Konopath near Schwetz , West Prussia
DATE OF DEATH March 14, 1908
Place of death Groß-Lichterfelde