Arthur Krause (natural scientist)

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Arthur Krause (1882)

Stanislaus Friedrich Arthur Krause (born January 25, 1851 in Polish Konopath near Schwetz , West Prussia ; † September 29, 1920 in Groß-Lichterfelde ) was a German naturalist and explorer.

Life

Arthur Krause was born in 1851 on the estate of his father August Krause in Polish Konopath in West Prussia. He had several brothers and sisters. Elder brother Albert (1841–1913) emigrated to the United States, took part in the Civil War and became Buffalo City Engineer in the late 1880s . In this role he carried out the first survey of the Niagara Falls . Arthur had particularly close relationships with his brother Aurel, who was two years his senior . Both attended grammar school in Bromberg up to their Abitur, studied natural sciences in Berlin and then became teachers at the Luisenstädtische Oberrealschule . Arthur taught chemistry , mineralogy , botany and zoology , but also mathematics , physics and French . During the school holidays, the brothers went on extensive trips, including to Italy , Dalmatia and Norway . Arthur Krause was a member of the faculty until April 1, 1919. In 1878 he received his doctorate at the Friedrich-University Halle-Wittenberg for Dr. phil.

Illustration based on a drawing by Arthur Krause of the traditional production of fish oil by the Tlingit Indians (from Aurel Krause's book The Tlinkit Indians )

In 1881 Aurel and Arthur Krause were commissioned by the Geographical Society in Bremen to carry out a natural and ethnographic expedition to the Bering Strait . It was arranged by Gustav Nachtigall , the chairman of the Geography Society in Berlin . They started the voyage on April 15, 1881 and reached the Gulf of Saint Lawrence via Bremerhaven , New York and San Francisco on August 6 . In the following eight weeks they explored the coasts and coastal areas of the Chukchi Peninsula between Uelen at Cape Deschnjow and the Prowidenija Bay in the south. The result was an abundance of natural and ethnological observations, as evidenced by numerous items in the collection.

From October to December 1881 the Krause brothers traveled via San Francisco to the Chilkoot River at the northern end of the Lynn Canal in Alaska . While Aurel Krause mainly dealt with ethnological field research (published in 1885 as The Tlinkit Indians ), Arthur's focus was on natural history and geographical areas. After his brother went home in early April 1882, Arthur explored and mapped the country on extensive excursions until September and became the first scientist to cross the Chilkoot Pass on May 28, 1882 . His map of the area was the most accurate when the Klondike gold rush broke out and between 1897 and 1899 drew 100,000 people across Chilkoot Pass in search of quick fortune.

The herbarium brought by the Krause brothers from the trip was scientifically processed by the botanist Fritz Kurtz (1854–1920), the mosses by Karl Johann August Müller , the liverworts by Franz Stephani (1842–1927). A part of her ethnographic collection is exhibited today in the Bremen Überseemuseum . Salvaged by brothers Krause in the St. Lawrence Bay fossils from the Quaternary are part of the geoscientific collection of the University of Bremen .

The highest peak of the Takhinsha Mountains in Alaska, the 2,127  m high Mount Krause is named after the Krause brothers, as are the Arthur Glacier and Aurel Glacier glaciers there .

Works

  • On the history of paraphenylenediamines . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . Volume 12, No. 1, 1879. doi : 10.1002 / cber.18790120118
  • with Aurel Krause: The Bremen Geographic Society's expedition to the Chukchi Peninsula and Alaska . In: German Geographical Sheets . Volume 5, 1882, pp. 1-35, 111-153, 177-223, 308-325 ( digitized ).
  • Nudibranchies from Tromsø . Tromsø Museums Årshefter, Vol. 18 (1897), pp. 94-100.
  • with Aurel Krause: To the Chukchi Peninsula and the Tlinkit Indians 1881/82. Travel diaries and letters from Aurel and Arthur Krause . Contributions to cultural anthropology, Reimer, 1984. ISBN 3-496-00756-7 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Arthur Krause  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter D. Kamphoefner , Wolfgang Johannes Helbich : Germans in the American Civil War. Letters from Front and Farm 1861-1865 . Schöningh, Paderborn 2002. ISBN 3-506-73916-6
  2. ↑ Gerhard Krause, Ingeborg Krause in the foreword to Aurel Krause, Arthur Krause (1984)
  3. ↑ Aurel Krause: The Tlinkit Indians . Costenoble, Jena 1885
  4. ↑ CF Stansbury: Klondike, the land of gold, illustrated. Containing all available practical information of every description concerning the new gold fields , F. Tennyson Neely, New York 1897, p. 17
  5. ↑ F. Kurtz: The flora of the Chilcat area in southeast Alaska, based on the collections of the Aurel and Arthur Krause brothers . In: Englers Bot. Jahrb. 19, 1895, pp. 327-431
  6. ^ F. Kurtz: The flora of the Chukchi peninsula . In: Englers Bot. Jahrb. 19, 1895, pp. 432-493
  7. ↑ C. Müller: Musci Tschuctschici . In: Botanisches Centralblatt 16, 1883, pp. 57-63
  8. ↑ F. Stephani: Hepaticae from the Alaska peninsula . In: Englers Bot. Jahrb. 8, 1887, pp. 9-77
  9. ↑ Geoscientific Collection of the University of Bremen: Chronology of the Collection , accessed on March 30, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Krause, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Krause, Stanislaus Friedrich Arthur (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German naturalist and geographer
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Polish Konopath near Schwetz , West Prussia
DATE OF DEATH September 29, 1920
Place of death Groß-Lichterfelde