Asmi Bishara

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Asmi Bischara (2014)

Asmi Bischara ( Arabic عزمي بشارة, DMG ʿAzmī Bišāra ; born July 22 , 1956 in Nazareth ) is an Arab-Palestinian academic thinker, writer, and author. He has a PhD in philosophy , was leader of the National Democratic Alliance in Israel and a member of the Israeli Knesset . As General Director, he headed the Arab Center for Research and Political Studies .

Bishara was the most prominent Arab member to represent the Palestinian citizens of Israel in parliament. There have been several attempts to lift his parliamentary immunity. He was accused of “supporting the enemy in wartime”, for example rejecting the Lebanese resistance during the 2006 Lebanon War or the Jewish state and calling for demonstrations during the second intifada .

Azmi Bischara is known for intellectual work and research on civil society, theories of nationalism, the Arab question, religion and secularism, renewal of Arab thought and analysis of society and the state of Israel. He is also known for his influence in the Arab public, particularly during the Second Intifada , the Lebanon War, the aggression against Gaza and the Arab Spring in 2011 and 2012, as well as for his efforts in the field of theorizing democratic transformation and civil rights . He uses philosophy in the analytical approach to social science on complex topics such as: freedom , justice , religion , mythology , secularism , state , nationalism , nation, civil society .

His political career began as the founder of the National Committee for Arab Secondary School Students, where he was elected President on April 6, 1974 at the first Arab Secondary School Students Conference. He became a prominent leader of the Arab student movement in Israeli universities. Bishara received the Ibn Rushd Prize for Free Thought in 2002 and the Global Exchange Human Rights Prize in 2003.

After leaving Palestine in 2007 and continuing his movement in several countries, Azmi Bishara currently lives in Qatar . He currently manages the Arab Center for Research and Political Studies, founded in 2010, and is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Doha Institute for Postgraduate Studies . At the beginning of 2017, he announced his resignation from direct political action to “work full-time on research, writing and intellectual development”. He has been accused by Arab regimes and media of playing an important role during the Arab Spring and of standing against their regimes in the ranks of the Arab peoples.

Life

Bichara was arrested in 1976 on Soil Day

Azmi Bischara was born on July 22, 1956 in the city of Nazareth in the Galilee region of northern Palestine, which became the administrative and cultural center of the Arab Israelis after the Nakba in 1948. Bishara grew up in a Christian family from the village of Tarshiha in the Upper Galilee . He grew up in his hometown in the western quarter, which was near the villages from which the residents were evicted in 1948. It was in the same city that he began his early educational journey in the Baptist school.

Education

From 1974 to 1977, Bischara studied at the University of Haifa , then at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem until 1980. He left Palestine to finally do his doctorate in philosophy at the Humboldt University in Berlin in 1986 with the thesis Logical and historical access to the research of the book “ Das Kapital ”by Karl Marx .

Resignation from politics

At the beginning of 2017 his book Banishment of Exile was presented, which contains a lengthy interview with the journalist Saqr Abu Fakhr, in which he summarizes his intellectual and political biography and announced his resignation from direct political action. He stated in an interview with Al Araby-TV that he made the decision two years ago and that he wanted to focus on intellectual research issues and educating the generations. He added, “But I will take positions on my mind that are committed to the issues people have as they knew about me. I will not leave my personal conscience and I will stay where I am. "

Positions

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Civil society

In his books and lectures, Bishara discusses the development of civil society and the process of its historical change by comparing the history of Western political thought with social development. In doing so, he invalidates the popular views of the Arab cultural and political milieu with which the peoples in Europe act.

In the book Civil Society: A Critical Study , Bischara debates the philosophical origin of the term in the early days of modernity. At that time, civil society did not yet have the normative dimension after the collapse of the socialist camp. An organized society in political thinking is needed if it is contrary to natural society, if it is compatible with the state and if it becomes a civil society based on a market economy that differentiates itself from the state. Then the space of rational communication was described independently of the laws of the market and the violence and coercion of the state at the same time. Finally, after the term comes to us, it indicates what no state is in the eyes of some tendencies in the Arab romantic thought in the beautification of society and demonization of the state. This deprives it of its critical and democratic function and makes it either identical with non-governmental organizations or with civil society, because it is not just a "state".

At the end of this book, Azmi Bischara also made a theoretical contribution to the question of nationalism by portraying civil society as a nation abroad and as a civil society vis-à-vis the interior by distinguishing between ethnic or cultural nationalism on the one hand and the political nation on the other. So the Democrats should agree that it is based on citizenship (separation between nation and nationalism). This idea was later developed in the book The National Question .

He published books on the Arab Spring , in particular on the revolution in Egypt , he published a philosophical book An Essay on Freedom and a book Army and Politics: Theoretical Problems and Arab Models to theoretically fill a gap in the Arab library on this subject and fill through the models of Syria and Egypt.

Arabic spring

Protesters standing on an army truck in downtown Cairo on January 29, 2011

Azmi Bishara was in the ranks of the Arab Spring, which swept through several countries in late 2010, based on the moral duties of the "public intellectual". The aim is to take a stand against injustice and to realize the just aspirations of people, especially the young generation that sparked the Arab Spring. This is in addition to the tasks of the enlightened public intellectual in rationalizing thinking about issues of society and the state and in taking critical positions of populism. Bishara accompanied the voices of the demonstrators in the Arab squares, not only through his media appearance on the analysis of revolutions, but also through the development of a democratic and rational discourse at the same time.

This can be seen in his last books, e.g. B. Being an Arab in Our Day and The Arab Question . They stressed that the role of democracy is to put the issue of democratic governance alongside education above the values ​​of democracy and not to wait for democratic culture to spread. There was also his article and speech, which since the late 1990s has propagated the idea of ​​“citizen states”. In many cases this has been an indication of change and many have relied on it to analyze the situation against which they rebelled. In late 2010 and early 2011, he viewed the first uprisings of the Arab Spring as an existential call for freedom and dignity.

Since the beginning of the Arab Spring, Bishara has been involved in a research project that keeps pace with the revolutions. He started his project with the Tunisian Revolution through his book The Glorious Tunisian Revolution , in which he traced the fundamental reasons that led to the Tunisian Revolution. Bishara made scientific comparisons between some social and economic aspects in Tunisia before the revolution and the aspects that prevailed in other Arab countries shortly before their revolutions. The book was an analytical attempt to understand the structure of the Tunisian revolution and its development through its diaries. The book traces the history of the uprisings and explains the map of the parties in Tunisia on the eve of the revolution. Then it sets out the details of the facts in the diary of the uprising, how events gradually developed, so that Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali had to flee.

"Down with Bashar". Critical graffiti from the first period of the uprising (2011)

At the beginning of the Syrian Revolution , Azmi Bishara was an advocate of the revolution in writing and in the media. He wrote their dates and events in his book Syria: Path of Pain to Freedom: An Attempt in Contemporary History (2013), in two phases: peaceful and armed civilization, based on an analysis of the structure of the regime and the relationship between society and civilization State in Syria . The author drew on the documents and testimonies of the strategy of the Syrian regime to suppress the revolution by force, which led to the emergence of patterns of violence that were never known in Syria. The book looks at the moving facts that took place in major cities in Syria, and how the protests began peacefully and then moved on to militarization and later taken up arms.

Azmi Bischara accompanied the Egyptian revolution with his intellectual and political views and analyzes and wrote a number of articles and studies on it. Bishara was one of the most prominent political commentators on the events of the Egyptian revolution. Finally he published a research book entitled The Egyptian Revolution , in which he describes the history of the so-called July Republic and the transfer of power and authority in the army to the presidency and the security apparatus, the rise of the struggle between institutions and the history of the Reviewing protests in Egypt. He documented the January 25 revolution up to the military coup and showed the dynamic that led to the coup in the army's ambition for rule and the clash between the Egyptian elites before power was withdrawn and the deep state smashed, especially since the state could not agree on the democratic system or its basis before the elections.

Published works

Azmi Bischara has published hundreds of articles in magazines including Al Mustaqbal Al Arabi (The Arab Future), Journal of Palestine Studies, Al-Karmil, Wujuhat Nazar (Perspectives), Omran, Arab Politics, as well as in Arab newspapers such as Al Khaleej, Al Hayat, Al Ahram, Al Ahram Weekly and Al Araby Al Jadeed since their inception in 2014.

Azmi Bischara wrote in the following areas: Religion and Democracy , Islam and Democracy, the Palestinian Question, Civil Society and Democracy, the Question of the Arab Minority in Israel and Minorities in General, the Arabs and the Holocaust . He has published four literary works, written in the magazines in Arabic, German, Hebrew and English. The following works are prominent:

Arabic literature

  1. Civil Society: A Critical Study (1996).
  2. Arabic-Israeli: A Reading in a Politically Interrupted Discourse. There was also "Arabs in Israel: A Vision From Within".
  3. Disabled renaissance.
  4. Intifada and Israeli Society.
  5. From State Judaism to Sharon.
  6. Barrier: fragments of a novel.
  7. Love in the shadows: novel of fragments of a square.
  8. Our song of songs.
  9. Seasons (poetry book).
  10. On the Arab Question: Introduction to an Arab Democratic Declaration.
  11. To be an Arab in our day.
  12. The glorious Tunisian revolution.
  13. Is there a Coptic problem in Egypt?
  14. The intellectual and the revolution.
  15. Syria: Path of Pain to Freedom.
  16. Religion and Secularism in a Historical Context (three volumes).
  17. The Revolution in Egypt (two volumes).
  18. An essay on freedom.
  19. Army and Politics: Intellectual Problems and Arab Models.
  20. Confessionalism and Imaginary Communities.

Hebrew literature

  1. Clarification: Project not yet completed.
  2. Identity and Identity Industry in Israeli Society.

Prices

Web links

Commons : Azmi Bishara  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Doha Institute: Azmi Bishara ( English ) Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c d Official Website: Azmi Bishara ( Arabic ) Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 9, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.azmibishara.com
  3. ↑ a b Azmi Bishara tells his political and intellectual career ( Arabic ) In: Arab48.com . Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  4. ^ Bishara .. The thinker of the Arab Spring and the first Yasmintha ( Arabic ) In: HESPRESS.com . Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  5. ↑ Bishara biodata , adalah.org; accessed 28 December 2016.
  6. ^ Reflections on the Introduction of the Sixth Edition of Civil Society . In: dohainstitute.org . Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  7. ↑ Azmi Bishara: Civil Society: A Critical Study . Center of Arab Unity Studies, 2008, p. 29.
  8. ↑ a b Azmi Bishara: On revolution and revolutionary potential ( English ) In: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies . Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  9. ↑ Azmi Bishara writes on the Tunisian Revolution ( English ) In: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies . Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  10. ↑ ACRPS launches Azmi Bishara's Book on Syria ( Deutsch ) In: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies . Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  11. ^ "Egypt Revolution" Azmi Bishara: From the Republic of July to the January Revolution ( Arabic ) In: Al Modon . Retrieved January 20, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Bishara, Asmi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES عزمي بشارة (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Israeli-Arab politician
DATE OF BIRTH July 22, 1956
PLACE OF BIRTH Nazareth , Israel