Bearded bellflower

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Bearded bellflower
Bearded bellflower (Campanula barbata)

Bearded bellflower ( Campanula barbata )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Genre : Bluebells ( campanula )
Type : Bearded bellflower
Scientific name
Campanula barbata
L.

The bearded bellflower ( Campanula barbata ) is a species of the genus bellflowers ( Campanula ) in the bellflower family (Campanulaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of the Alpine Flora , Plate 303
Bearded bellflower with white flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The bearded bellflower grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 40 centimeters. The upright stem is hairy stiffly. The basal leaves are arranged in a rosette. Your leaf blade is elongated and lanceolate as well as entire or slightly serrate. There are only a few small, up to 10 millimeters long, narrow leaves on the stem.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. In the one-sided, racemose inflorescence there are two to twelve last nodding flowers.

The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five calyx lobes are at most half as long as the crown and have a turned down, heart-shaped appendage in the calyx bays. The sky-blue, also white or purple crown is about 15 to 30 millimeters long and the five corolla lobes are hairy on the inside.

The hairy fruit is curved downwards.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.

ecology

The bearded bellflower is a hemicryptophyte .

Pollinators are above all bumblebees , more rarely butterflies, flies or beetles.

The hairs up to 5 millimeters long on the inside of the lobes of the corolla are probably a defense against nectar- consuming, creeping insects ( ants , earwigs ).

The flower serves as a shelter for small insects, the difference to the outside temperature can be a few degrees.

Occurrence

The bearded bellflower is found in the Alps , the eastern Sudetes and the Tatra Mountains . An isolated occurrence in southern Norway probably stems from the Ice Age.

It thrives in the Alps at altitudes of 800 to 2700 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 2300 meters.

The bearded bellflower prefers pastures, meadows and light forests. It is the association character of the Nardion . As a substrate this kalkfeindiche plant requires a humus cushion .

Taxonomy

The first publication of Campanula barbata was in 1759 by Carl von Linné in Systema Naturae , 10th edition, 2, page 926. The specific epithet barbata means bearded. The lectotype material was published in 2002 by Pistarino et al. in Taxon , Volume 5, Number 2, Pages 548-549. Synonyms for Campanula barbata L. are: Medium barbatum (L.) Spach , Sykoraea barbata (L.) Opiz , Marianthemum barbatum (L.) Schur , Campanula firmiana Vand. , Campanula strictopedunculata (E. Thomas ex Rchb.) Landolt , Campanula macrorhiza var. Pogonopetala Vuk. , Campanula barbata var. Pusilla Gaudin , Campanula barbata var. Uniflora A.DC. , Campanula barbata var. Cyanea Van Houtte , Campanula barbata var. Firmiana (Vand.) Steud. , Campanula barbata var. Strictopedunculata E. Thomas ex Rchb.

Others

The pure white-blooded mutant, which is not uncommon, is called “Mähderkraut” in Carinthia and is a sign of particular ability on the mower's hat .

Common names

Other common names in Austria are Kuhglocke, Himmelsglöckle and Muttergottesglöckle.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Elfrune Wendelberger: Alpine plants - flowers, grasses, dwarf shrubs. Munich 1984, ISBN 3-7632-2975-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Campanula barbata L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  891 .
  3. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Campanula barbata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 549.

Web links

Commons : Bearded Bellflower ( Campanula barbata )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files