Bahama Star Hummingbird

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Bahama Star Hummingbird
Bahama Star Hummingbird

Bahama Star Hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Calliphlox
Type : Bahama Star Hummingbird
Scientific name
Calliphlox evelynae
( Bourcier , 1847)

The Bahama Star Hummingbird ( Calliphlox evelynae ) or Bahama Hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that occurs only in the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands . The population is assessed by the IUCN as LC IUCN 3 1st svg(= least concern - not endangered).

features

The Bahama Star Hummingbird reaches a body length of 7.8 to 8.2 cm with a weight of 2.5 to 3.3 g. The males have a slightly curved beak. The back shimmers green. There is a small white spot behind the eye. The chin and throat are glittering purple, the chest is white. The reddish brown belly has greenish admixtures. The rear flanks are reddish brown. With the strongly forked tail, the outer control feathers are green, the rest with partly cinnamon-colored inner flags. In the plain dress , the color of the throat is replaced by a pale gray. The females have a dull green upper side and also a white postocular spot. The chin and throat are light gray with small green spots. The chest is whitish, the belly reddish brown. In contrast to the male, the tail is rounded, with the central control feathers green, the others cinnamon-colored with a broad black subterminal band. Juvenile males have tight light yellow-brown spots on top, a light gray to dark cinnamon colored throat with lines and dark spots, and often magenta spots. In the forked tail, the outer control feathers are slightly longer, predominate in blackish only a little cinnamon color at the base, as well as smaller cinnamon colored spots. Young females also have light yellow-brown to gray spots on the underside, lighter cinnamon-colored sides without green spots, and a lighter cinnamon-colored tail.

behavior

The birds collect nectar from flowering bushes, vines and trees. It does not matter whether these are native or introduced plant species. To the nectar sources include Russelia , lion ears , morning glories , Euphorbia fulgens , Pedilanthus , Duranta , lantana , Stachytarpheta , Ernodes , Dicliptera , Kordien and Bauhinia . The insects hunt them in flight. The males aggressively defend their territory . They are generally considered to be resident birds , but there have also been reports of individual specimens in the United States or Cuba .

Vocalizations

The call consists of a rhythmic prititidi, prititidi, prititidi and occasionally a shrill tit, titit, tit, titi , which often turns into a rattle when the speed is increased.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the Bahama Star Hummingbird

The species occurs in practically all habitats in the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The habitat ranges from coastal areas and pine forests to gardens and parks.

Reproduction

The birds breed all year round, but the main breeding season is from January to April. They build a small, goblet-shaped nest out of plant fibers and cobwebs, which they decorate with cotton-like materials. The outside is decorated with small pieces of tree bark. They build the nest in the branches of small twigs or at the end of the twigs at heights between one and seven meters. Few observations exist about the nesting trees: a nest was discovered in a casuarine . The clutch contains two eggs; the breeding season lasts 15 to 16 days. The chicks are black with gray backs. The nestling period is 20 to 24 days and the young stay with their parents for another 20 to 30 days. They have their first brood in the second year of their life.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the Bahama Star Hummingbird under the name Trochilus Evelynae . The type specimen was George Loddiges of William Swainson from Nassau received. In 1831 Friedrich Boie introduced the genus Calliphlox . This name is derived from the Greek words "kallos, kalos, καλλος, καλος " for "beauty, beautiful" and "phlox, phlogos, φλοξ, φλογος " for "flame". It is unclear who should be honored with the species name »evelynae«, since Bourcier did not provide any information. Evelyn Pyle Fawcett b. Loddiges (1844–1893) meant, a daughter of Conrad Loddiges II (1821–1865), from whom Bourcier had received the hide. Calliphlox evelynae salita ( Greenway , 1936) is now considered a synonym for the nominate form . Calliphlox lyrura ( Gould , 1869) was considered a subspecies of the Bahamian Hummingbird until 2015, but has been upgraded to its own species by the North American Classification Committee (NACC) based on new data on morphology , voice and song, courtship behavior and genetics.

literature

  • Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann , Guy M. Kirwan , Eduardo de Juana in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Bahama Woodstar (Calliphlox evelynae) . In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ( hbw.com [accessed April 8, 2016]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 42-47 ( online [accessed April 8, 2016]).
  • Friedrich Boie: Comments on species and some ornithological families and clans . In: Isis von Oken . tape 24 , 1831, pp. 538-548 ( online [accessed April 8, 2016]).
  • James Cowan Greenway Jr .: A name for the hummingbird of the Caicos Islands . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 15 , 1936, ISSN  0749-8934 , p. 105-106 .
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 3 , delivery 21. Taylor and Francis, London 1861 ( online [accessed April 8, 2016]).
  • John Gould: Description of five new species of birds from Queensland Australia; and a new Humming-bird from Bahamas . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. (=  4 ). tape 4 , 1869, p. 108–112 ( online [accessed April 8, 2016]).
  • Teresa J. Feo, Jacob M. Musser, Jacob Berva, Christopher James Clark: Divergence in morphology, calls, song, mechanical sounds, and genetics supports species status for the Inaguan hummingbird (Trochilidae: Calliphlox evelynae lyrura) . In: The Auk . tape 132 , no. 1 , 2015, p. 248–264 , doi : 10.1642 / AUK-14-108.1 (English, online [PDF; 977 kB ; accessed on April 8, 2016]).

Web links

Commons : Bahama's Star Hummingbird ( Calliphlox evelynae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann u. a.
  2. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier, p. 44.
  3. ^ John Gould (1869), plate 156 & text (corresponds to delivery 21, plate 7).
  4. ^ Friedrich Boie, p. 544.
  5. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 85.
  6. ↑ Jules Bourcier, p. 47.
  7. ↑ James Cowan Greenway Jr., p. 105.
  8. ^ John Gould (1869), p. 112.
  9. ^ AOU Classification Committee - North and Middle America Proposal Set 2015 - B 20 Feb 2015
  10. ↑ Teresa J. Feo et al. a., pp. 248-264.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Boie placed the Amethyst Woodstar ( Calliphlox amethystina ( Boddaert , 1783)) (= Troch. Amethystinus Gm.), The Ruby- ( Archilochus colubris ( Linnaeus , 1758)) (= Troch. Colubris Linn.), The violet-throated Hummingbird ( Heliomaster squamosus ( Temminck , 1823) (= Troch. Mesoleucos Tem col 317), the Lucifer star hummingbird ( Calothorax lucifer ( Swainson , 1827)) (= Troch. Corruscus Licht.), The rose-throated hummingbird ( Heliomaster longirostris ( Audebert & Vieillot , 1801)) (= Troch. longirostris Vieil.), the red-backed cinnamon ( Selasphorus rufus ( Gmelin, JF , 1788)) (= Troch. sitchensis Rathke), the ruby hummingbird ( Clytolaema rubricauda ( Boddaert , 1783)) (= Troch. ruficauda Vieill.), the broad-tailed hummingbird ( Selasphorus platycercus ( Swainson , 1827)) (= Troch. Purpurinus light.) And Troch. Gutturalis P. Max in the new genus.