Balneatrix alpica

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Balneatrix alpica
Systematics
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Gammaproteobacteria
Order : Oceanospirillales
Family : Balneatrichaceae
Genre : Balneatrix
Type : Balneatrix alpica
Scientific name of the  genus
Balneatrix
Dauga et al. 1993
Scientific name of the  species
Balneatrix alpica
Dauga et al. 1993

Balneatrix alpica is a type of bacteria .

Appearance

The cell shape of Balneatrix alpica is diverse (polymorphic). Curved cells appear, straight rods and elongated cells are also formed. The cell size is in the range of 0.5-0.7 μm in width and 2.8-5 μm in length. The bacterium is motile by one or two polar flagella .

Growth and metabolism

Strains of Balneatrix grow after a 2-day incubation at 30 ° C. The center of the colony is light yellow after 2-3 days and light brown after 4-5 days.

Balneatrix is aerobic , so it needs oxygen . The metabolic pathway is breathing with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. The Voges-Proskauer test is negative. There is no fermentation . Balneatrix is physiologically diverse, some strains can grow with citrate , D - alanine , monoethanolamine , D - glucosamine , L - histidine , DL - lactate and D (+) - malate as carbon sources. Some strains can use citrate as the sole source of carbon.

Nitrate is reduced to nitrite . Tests for arginine dihydrolase , lysine and ornithine decarboxylases, acetamide and starch hydrolysis are always negative. Some strains can hydrolyze Tween-80 . Gelatin is only weakly hydrolyzed.

Balneatrix was found in fresh water and only tolerates sodium chloride levels below 1%. This distinguishes it from other genera of the Oceanospirillaceae family in which it was classified according to its description. Growth takes place at temperatures of up to 46 degrees Celsius.

Chemotaxonomic Features

The GC content in the bacterial DNA is 54 mol percent. No information is available on the ubiquinones contained (as of 2014).

Pathogenicity

Balneatrix alpica was first described in 1987 in a spa in southern France as a cause of an outbreak of pneumonia and meningitis . Thirty-five cases of pneumonia and two cases of meningitis were caused by strains of Balneatrix .

After disinfecting the water pipes with chlorination, no further cases of infection occurred (as of 2014).

Systematics

Balneatrix alpica is placed in the family of the Balneatrichaceae in the order Oceanospirillales . It is the only species in its genus (as of April 2020). The species was scientifically described and named in 1993. It was first put to the Oceanospirillaceae family . In 2019 she was transferred to the newly established family Balneatrichaceae. Besides Balneatrix nor the genus is here Pokkaliibacter out (as of April 2020).

Single sources

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria. Springer, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-95040-0
  2. ^ A b Eugene Rosenberg, Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt , Fabiano Thompson: The Prokaryotes. Gammaproteobacteria. 4th edition, Springer, 2014, ISBN 3642389236
  3. ↑ a b C. Dauga et al .: Balneatrix alpica gen. Nov., Sp. nov., a bacterium associated with pneumonia and meningitis in a spa therapy center In: Research in Microbiology (1993), 1, pp. 35-46. doi : 10.1016 / 0923-2508 (93) 90213-L
  4. ^ A b Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Pedomicrobium . In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved April 5, 2020 .
  5. ↑ R. Krishnan et al .: Isolation and characterization of a novel 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producing plant growth promoting marine Gammaproteobacteria from crops grown in brackish environments. Proposal for Pokkaliibacter plantistimulans gen. Nov., Sp. nov., Balneatrichaceae fam. nov. in the order Oceanospirillales and an emended description of the genus Balneatrix. In: Systematic and Applied Microbiology. (2018), 41 (6), pp. 570-580. doi : 10.1016 / j.syapm.2018.08.003

literature