Bauhaus Berlin
The Bauhaus Berlin , also Bauhaus Steglitz , existed from 1932 to 1933 and was the third location of the Bauhaus art school after Weimar and Dessau . It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as a private institute after the Bauhaus Dessau was closed by the mostly National Socialist Dessau municipal council. Due to the power of commencement of the Nazis in the German Reich and the Berlin Bauhaus increasing pressure has been exposed and was closed after a house search. In the summer of 1933 the Bauhaus dissolved.
location
The Bauhaus used a former factory building on Birkbuschstrasse south of the Teltow Canal on the corner of Siemensstrasse in the Berlin district of Berlin-Lankwitz , part of the Berlin district of Steglitz at that time (today the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district ). Wassily Kandinsky characterized the location "on the border between Steglitz and Lankwitz - a pretty area".
There is a photo of the factory building that the Bauhaus student Howard Dearstyne took in 1932.
history
On April 24, 1932 , the NSDAP became the strongest parliamentary group in the state elections in the Free State of Anhalt , whose capital was Dessau . This exposed the Dessau Bauhaus to strong political pressure. On August 22, 1932, at the request of the NSDAP parliamentary group, the Dessau municipal council passed a resolution to close the Bauhaus with 20: 5 votes. Mayor Fritz Hesse and the members of the KPD voted against the closure , while the SPD abstained. The closure was completed on September 30, 1932. While the social democratic cities of Magdeburg and Leipzig showed interest in taking over the Bauhaus, Mies van der Rohe had already decided to continue the Bauhaus in Berlin as a private institute with some of the teaching staff working in Dessau. He chose the vacant telephone factory of Tefag Telephon Aktiengesellschaft (formerly J. Berliner) on the corner plot of Birkbuschstrasse 49 / Siemensstrasse in Berlin-Lankwitz as the location . The Bauhaus had already worked with Tefag in previous years. From 1928 onwards, Tefag had produced a telephone designed by the Bauhaus, with which all apartments in the “New Frankfurt” residential construction program were equipped. After the company was taken over by Standard Elektrik Lorenz , the production rooms in Birkbuschstrasse became vacant.
The Berlin Bauhaus was financed from license income and from the continued payment of teachers' salaries, which the city of Dessau had promised until 1935. The focus should be on architectural training and the course should last seven semesters.
The teachers who moved to Berlin included Wassily Kandinsky , Josef Albers , Ludwig Hilberseimer , Lilly Reich and Walter Peterhans . Teachers who were close to the communists, such as Alfred Arndt and Joost Schmidt , were not taken on . Communist students who protest against this have been expelled from school by Mies van der Rohe. In autumn 1932 114 students were enrolled in Berlin. The last two Bauhaus festivals took place as a carnival ball in the Bauhaus Berlin on February 18 and 25, 1933 .
In Dessau, soon after the National Socialists came to power in the Reich, the public prosecutor's office set up an investigative committee that was supposed to find incriminating material against the former Lord Mayor Fritz Hesse . In this context, the premises of the Bauhaus in Berlin were searched on April 11, 1933 and allegedly communist magazines were discovered. Presumably, the incriminating material was deliberately put into the moving boxes in Dessau. The Berlin Bauhaus was then sealed by the Gestapo.
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In order to be able to continue operating the Bauhaus, Mies van der Rohe sought contact with the National Socialist rulers. Among other things, he spoke to Alfred Rosenberg about the reopening of the house that was sealed after the search. In June and July 1933 the Gestapo informed Mies van der Rohe that the Bauhaus could reopen under certain conditions. With reference to the law to restore the civil service , certain teachers (e.g. Jewish or politically unpopular, including Wassily Kandinsky and Ludwig Hilberseimer) should be removed from the Bauhaus. In addition, some of the lecturers were to join the NSDAP. At the same time, the city council of Dessau canceled the contractually fixed salaries of the lecturers, also with reference to the law on the restoration of the professional civil service. The Bauhaus is a "nucleus of Bolshevism". A protest by Mies van der Rohe, "that the closing of the house almost only affected nationally-minded people," remained ineffective. As there were no further payments to the institute, Mies van der Rohe applied for the dissolution of the Bauhaus in Lilly Reich's studio on July 19, 1933 due to the financial and political situation among the masters.
After the dissolution of the Bauhaus in Berlin, many teachers and students emigrated. The building used by the Bauhaus, which survived the Second World War unscathed, was demolished in 1974. A Berlin memorial plaque reminds of the Bauhaus at the former location.
literature
- Peter Hahn (ed.), Christian Wolsdorff (collaborator, ed.): Bauhaus Berlin. Dessau dissolved in 1932. Berlin closed in 1933. Bauhaus members and Third Reich. A documentation. Kunstverlag Weingarten, Weingarten 1985, ISBN 3-8170-2002-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Birkbuschstrasse was a terrorist base, chocolate factory and Bauhaus location. In: Berliner Woche , Steglitz-Zehlendorf edition, November 17, 2017.
- ↑ Photo at: Bauhaus100: Bauhaus Berlin 1932–1933 at bauhaus100.de
- ↑ a b c 1919–1933 , on bauhaus.de, accessed on April 14, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d Magdalena Droste, Bauhaus , Taschen , Cologne 1990, ISBN 3-8228-0401-0 , p. 233.
- ↑ a b Organ music in the mansion on strolling-in-berlin.de, accessed on April 14, 2019.
- ↑ a b Magdalena Droste, Bauhaus , Taschen , Cologne 1990, ISBN 3-8228-0401-0 , pp. 235-236.
- ^ Richard Herzinger : Bauhaus. Berlin terminus . In: Die Welt , July 19, 2009.
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 33.9 " N , 13 ° 19 ′ 56.3" E