Draped flour umbrella
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Draped flour umbrella ( Cystolepiota seminuda ) |
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| ( Lash ) Receipt |
The inedible draped flour umbrella ( Cystolepiota seminuda , syn. Cystolepiota sistrata , Cystolepiota sororia ) is a type of mushroom from the family of mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae). The small, whitish umbrella is frosted when young and often draped with remains of velum on the edge of the hat . The fruiting bodies appear from July to November mostly in deciduous, more rarely in coniferous forests. It is also called the white flour umbrella or the delicate flour umbrella .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 0.5–2.5 cm wide, initially conical to bell-shaped, then arched to spread out. The matt, uniformly white floured surface is pure white to pale yellow in color. The middle of the hat is usually bluntly hunched and often tinged yellow-brown or pink to gray-purple. Young fruiting bodies have a fluffy, draped brim, in old age the brim is often curved upwards.
The rather crowded, whitish lamellae stand free and are mixed in with numerous intermediate lamellae, the spore powder is white. (In the sororia variety the lamellae are yellowish.)
The stalk is 2–5 cm long, 2–4 cm wide, white and often slightly curved. It is also frosted white flaky to floury and later turns reddish to purple-brownish from the bottom, especially when touched. The very thin meat tastes mild, the smell is weak and reminds a bit of the stink umbrella . (Attempts to eat should be avoided, as some small parasites can be organ damaging even when they are tasted!)
Microscopic features
The short ellipsoid spores are 3–4.5 µm long and 2–3 µm wide. In the sororia variety , they are long-ellipsoidal and up to 6 µm long. There are no cystids on the lamellae.
Species delimitation
The draped flour umbrella is characterized within its genus by its more or less whitish hat, the non-dextrinoid spores and the absence of cystids on the lamellar surfaces and edges. Other similar species outside the genus are the white granular umbrella ( Cystodermella ambrosii ), the white umbrella ( Lepiota erminea ) and the strongly smelling granular umbrella ( Cystoderma carcharias ).
ecology
The fungus is mainly found in deciduous forest communities, above all in beech and various floodplains , but also in hornbeam and oak forests . There is only a small amount of evidence from pure coniferous forests or forests. The fruiting bodies appear conspicuously often at roadsides. The Umbrella prefers loamy, nutrient-rich soils that are mostly neutral to basic. In heat-favored locations, it also grows on weakly acidic soils. The fruiting bodies usually appear gregarious from July to November, but are usually found in summer and early autumn.
distribution
The fungus is found in North America (Canada, USA), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and Europe. It has also been detected in Australia and Asia (Japan). In Europe, the species is widespread meridional to temperate . In Northern Europe the distribution area extends in Norway up to the 69th and in Sweden up to the 63rd parallel.
In Germany, the draped flour umbrella is widespread, only in the North German Plain and in the areas with predominant coniferous forest is it scattered or rare.
meaning
Even if no toxic effects are known, small parasols should never be collected for food.
swell
- Paul Kirk: Cystolepiota seminuda. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
- Cystolepiota seminuda. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed January 3, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 124 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 , p. 56.
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Cystolepiota seminuda. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
- ↑ Armin Mesic, Zdenko Tkalcec: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. II. Families Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Cortinariaceae and Hygrophoraceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 83, 2002, pp. 453-502 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
- ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Cystolepiota seminuda. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved January 3, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . In: Acta Botanica Croatica . 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed January 3, 2014]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Grid map of Cystolepiota seminuda. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
- ↑ Cystolepiota seminuda. Pilzoek database, accessed January 3, 2014 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Cystolepiota seminuda. Fungi of Ukraine. In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Cystolepiota seminuda. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
Web links
- Cystolepiota seminuda. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved January 3, 2014 (Italian, photos from the hanging flour umbrella).