Bernhard Aschner

Bernhard Aschner (born January 27, 1883 in Vienna , † March 9, 1960 in New York City ) was an Austrian gynecologist and obstetrician, endocrinologist and medical historian.

Live and act

Aschner attended elementary school and grammar school in Vienna. He also studied medicine in his hometown. As a student, Aschner worked in the anatomical institute, where he worked as a demonstrator from 1903 to 1907; After obtaining his license to practice medicine, he volunteered at the Medical University Clinic in Vienna. In 1907 he received his doctorate. In 1907/08, Aschner was a "surgeon" at the 1st Surgical University Clinic in Vienna. In 1908 Aschner described the oculocardial reflex . From 1908 to 1912 he was an assistant at the I. University Women's Clinic in Vienna. In 1912 he left Judaism. He did military service as an assistant doctor in the kuk Dragoon Regiment No. 3 in Vienna. From 1913 Aschner was an assistant at the University Women's Clinic in Halle, and in February 1914 he completed his habilitation here for the subject of gynecology and obstetrics.

Aschner dealt scientifically with the new question of hormones , among other things, he presented studies on the importance of the interstitial ovarian gland and the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri). Aschner suspected in 1912 that a vegetative center, a "menstrual center" in the diencephalon , had some influence on the genital sphere . Aschner did not speak of a sexual center in the brain until 1918.

During the First World War he did military service as a regimental doctor in reserve hospitals of the Austro-Hungarian Army , and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order . In 1918 Aschner completed his habilitation at the University of Vienna. In addition to his work there as a private lecturer, he headed the women's outpatient clinic at the General Hospital.

In the 1930s, Aschner was still treating schizophrenic patients with "bloodletting, emmenagogues, emetics, laxatives, sweat baths, hydrotherapy and a toning diet".

After the German invasion and the annexation of Austria , he lost his teaching license because of his Jewish origins and emigrated to the United States of America. He opened a practice in New York and ran an arthritis outpatient clinic at Stuyvesant Policlinc , later at Lebanon Hospital . In 1945 Aschner was naturalized. Aschner first made a name for himself scientifically in the field of internal secretion (endocrinology), then as a medical historian. Between 1926 and 1932 he published a four-volume translation of Paracelsus (reprint 1975–1984). In the treatment of rheumatism and osteoarthritis, he preferred historical, humoral pathological methods, his writings achieved high editions and are updated and reissued to this day (“The new Aschner primer: Practice of humoral medicine and the diversionary procedures”, 2001; “Textbook of constitutional therapy ”) , 10th edition 2000). Aschner was co-editor of the "Journal for biological healing methods". In 1957 he received the Wilhelm Hufeland Prize .

family

His father, Samuel Aschner (approx. 1849–1917), was the owner of a shirt and underwear factory in Vienna. His mother was Paula or Pauline geb. Bluestar (1853-1924). Bernhard Aschner had four brothers. Two of his brothers, the engineer Emil Aschner (born 1884) and Richard Aschner (born 1886), as well as Richard's wife Alice born. Zimbler was arrested by the Nazi regime in Prague in 1941, taken to the Litzmannstadt ghetto and subsequently murdered. Stumbling blocks in Prague's Bubeneč district are reminiscent of their fate.

Publications

• About a hitherto not yet described reflex from the eye to circulation and breathing. Radial pulse disappears when pressure is applied to the eye . Vienna Klin Wochenschr 21, 1908, p. 1529
• The blood gland diseases of women and their relationship to gynecology and obstetrics . Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1918
• The constitution of women and their relationships with obstetrics and gynecology . Bergmann, Munich 1924
• Relationship of the glands with internal secretion to the female genitals . In: Halban, Josef and Seitz, Ludwig (Ed.), Biology and Pathology of Woman. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin, Vienna, Vol. I, 1924, pp. 635-760.
• Technique of experimental investigations on the pituitary gland and the diencephalon . In: Abderhalden, Emil (Ed.) Handbook of biological working methods. Delivery 129, Section 5, Part 3B, Issue 2, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin, Vienna 1924, pp. 125–148.
• Gynecology and Internal Secretion . Novak, Budapest-Leipzig 1927
• The medical crisis. Constitutional therapy as a way out. Bernhard Aschner . Hippocrates, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Zurich. 1928
• Constitutional Therapy Textbook . Hippocrates, 1933
• Successful healing of constitutional therapy in female mentally ill patients, especially in schizophrenia . Hippocrates, Stuttgart 1933
• The doctor as fate. Where is medicine going? A. Müller, Zurich 1939
• Neohippocratism in Every Day Practice. In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Baltimore , Volume 10 (1941), No 2 pp.
• The utilitarian approach to the History of Medicine. (What can the practicing physician learn from historical methods of healing?) In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Baltimore, Volume 13 (1943), pp. 291-299
• Consolation and help for rheumatism sufferers. Currently the most successful treatment for rheumatoid arthritis . Reinhardt, Munich 1959
• Constitutional Therapy Technique . Haug, 1961
• Liberation of medicine from dogma . The estate is organized, supplemented and edited by Albert W. Bauer. 2nd edition, Karl F. Haug, Heidelberg 1981.
• Paracelsus Complete works in 4 volumes . 1930, Anger, 1993

literature

• Eberhard J. Wormer : Bernhard Aschner - Giuseppe Dagnini . In: ders .: Syndromes of cardiology and their creators. Medikon, Munich 1989, pp. 1-5
• F. Asbeck: Natural medicine in life pictures. Basics and practice. Leer 1977, pp. 1, 17
• AW Bauer: Bernard Aschner MD In: British Medical Journal 2, 1, 1960, p. 73
• KB Absolon: Dr. Bernhard Aschner: Surgeon, Scientist, and Scholar (1883 to 1960). In: Surgery 48, 1960, p. 979
• Bauer, Albert: In recognition of Bernhard Aschner . In: Aschner, Bernhard (author) Technique of constitution therapy. Haug, Ulm, Donau 1961, pp. XXXI-XXXIII.
• Bauer, Albert W .: (preface). In: Aschner, Bernhard. Liberation of medicine from dogma . The estate is arranged, supplemented and edited by Albert W. Bauer, 2nd edition, Karl F. Haug, Heidelberg 1981.
• Urs Leo Gantenbein: Aschner, Bernhard. In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 110.
• Lorenzsonn, Brigitte: Personal bibliographies of professors and lecturers of the I. and II. University Women's Clinic and the III. Obstetric clinic in Vienna in the approximate period from 1905-1930 . Dissertation, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 1973.
• Andreas Mettenleiter : Testimonials, memories, diaries and letters from German-speaking doctors. Supplements and supplements II (A – H). In: Würzburg medical history reports. 21, 2002, pp. 490-518, here p. 492.
• Henry E. Sigerist : (To the appreciation of Bernhard Aschner ): In: Aschner, Bernhard (author) Technique of constitution therapy. 3rd edition Karl F. Haug, Ulm, Donau 1961, pp. XXXIII-XXXV.
• Bernhard Aschner . In: Judith Bauer-Merinsky: The effects of the annexation of Austria by the German Reich on the medical faculty of the University of Vienna in 1938: biographies of dismissed professors and lecturers . Vienna: Diss., 1980, pp. 9-11.
• Brunck-Loch, Sybille: Bernhard Aschner (1883-1960). His path from endocrinology to constitution therapy . Inaug. Diss., Med. Fac. Of the Univ. Mainz 1995.
• For the first description of the sexual center in the endocrine hypothalamus and for the bibliography and biography, see also Pappenberger, Rudolf: Dependence of the gonadal function on the central nervous system. Clinical observations and animal experiments between 1850 and 1912 . Inaug. Diss., Med. Fac. Of the Univ. Erlangen-Nuremberg 1985

Web links

• Entry on Bernhard Aschner in Who Named It?
• Bernhard ASCHNER [1883-1960): Displaced 1938 (5) in: VAN SWIETEN blog of March 17, 2008
• Literature by and about Bernhard Aschner in the catalog of the German National Library
• Entry on Bernhard Aschner in the Catalogus Professorum Halensis

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Anna L. Staudacher: "... announces the departure from the Mosaic faith". 18,000 exits from Judaism in Vienna, 1868–1914: names - sources - dates . Peter Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a. 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-55832-4 , p. 28.
2. ↑ Aschner, Bernhard: The blood gland diseases of women and their relationship to gynecology and obstetrics JF Bergmann, Wiesbaden 1918
3. ↑ Hans Bangen: History of the drug therapy of schizophrenia. Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-927408-82-4 . P. 37
4. ↑ holocaust.cz: EMIL ASCHNER , accessed on June 8, 2017 (with a portrait)
5. ↑ EMIL ASCHNER in the Central Database of the Names of Holocaust Victims at the Yad Vashem Memorial
6. ↑ holocaust.cz: RICHARD ASCHNER , accessed on May 26, 2017 (with a portrait)
7. ↑ RICHARD ASCHNER in the central database of the names of Holocaust victims at the Yad Vashem memorial
8. ↑ holocaust.cz: ALICE ASCHNEROVÁ , accessed on June 8, 2017 (with a portrait)
9. ↑ ALICE ASCHNER in the Central Database of the Names of Holocaust Victims at the Yad Vashem Memorial