Biała (Zgierz)
| Biała | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Łódź | ||
| Powiat : | Zgierz | ||
| Gmina : | Zgierz | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 56 ' N , 19 ° 27' E | ||
| Residents : | 667 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 95-001 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 42 | ||
| License plate : | EZG | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Łódź Wladyslaw Reymont Airport | ||
| Warsaw Chopin Airport | |||
Biała is a village in Gmina Zgierz in central Poland in the Łódź Voivodeship . It is located about 8 north of Zgierz and 15 km north of Łódź . The villages of Biała, Cyprianów , Jeżewo , Kolonia Głowa and Leonów belong to the Sołectwo Biała.
Place name
The place name Biała means "white sandy soil".
At the time of the German occupation of Poland in World War II , from 1943 to 1945, the place was called Billheim .
history
The area around Biała was already settled in prehistoric times, because a Roman cemetery of the Przeworsk culture was excavated near the village .
At the end of the 19th century there were a total of 57 houses and 670 inhabitants in the village and the German settlement. Biała was the seat of the then Gmina Biała, whose school was also in the village. In addition, there were four mills and a branch church that belonged to the Catholic parish of Gieczno (probably the old wooden church of Saints Peter and Paul, which is still in the village today ).
The German settlement of Biała
In the vicinity of the village of Biała, a settlement was founded by German farmers of Pomeranian origin in the first half of the 19th century, according to various reports in 1820 or not until 1840. In German-language literature, this settlement is also known as Biała.
The German settlers were Protestant and visited the Protestant church in Zgierz, founded in 1824 . In 1842 they set up a Protestant cemetery in Biała together with the Germans from Głowa, Wola Branicka , Leonów, Cyprianów and Dobra .
In 1863, a German-speaking cantor's school was founded, which taught in German until at least 1919. In 1925 the language of instruction was Polish. The originally wooden school house was replaced by a massive school and prayer house in 1887, which burned down in 1911. After the reconstruction, the building was destroyed again during the Battle of Łódź in World War I. Two mass graves were laid out in the school garden for German soldiers who were later transferred to a collective cemetery.
See also
literature
Web links
Views of the Evangelical Cemetery
Footnotes
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on July 6, 2017
- ↑ Albert Breyer: The German villages around Lodz. with map of German settlements in the area around Lodz. in: German monthly books in Poland, magazine for the past and present of Germanness in Poland, volume 2 (12), issue 5/6, November / December 1935, p. 206.
- ↑ mapywig.org ( memento of the original from September 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (17.4 MiB )
- ↑ Makiewicz: Cmentarzysko z okresu rzymskiego w Białej, powiat Łódż , Prace i Materiały Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego w Łodzi, Seria Archeologiczna 17, 1970.
- ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Volume I, p. 170
- ↑ a b c Albert Breyer: The German villages in the area around Lodz. with map of German settlements in the area around Lodz. , in: German monthly books in Poland, magazine for the past and present of Germanness in Poland, volume 2 (12), issue 5/6, November / December 1935.
- ^ Oskar Kossmann: Map of the development of the rural German settlement in north-western Congress Poland (1800, 1825, 1835, 1935). , in: Oskar Kossmann: The Germans in Poland since the Reformation. , Marburg 1978, ISBN 3-87969-141-X .
- ↑ a b c Eduard Kneifel: The Evangelical Augsburg congregations in Poland 1555-1939. Vierkirchen 1971, p. 178.
- ^ A b Albert Breyer: "German settlements in Central Poland.", In Viktor Kauder (ed.): Das Deutschtum in Mittelpolen. , Leipzig 1938.
- ↑ a b c Our Church. Weekly newspaper for the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Warsaw Consistorial , No. 21 of May 27, 1917
