Biehain
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Biehain
Horka municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 17 ′ 40 ″ N , 14 ° 56 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 173 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 9.75 km² | |
| Residents : | 253 (Dec. 31, 2008) | |
| Population density : | 26 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1994 | |
| Postal code : | 02923 | |
| Area code : | 035892 | |
Location of Biehain in Saxony |
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Biehain is a district of the East Saxon municipality of Horka with around 250 inhabitants.
geography
Biehain is about three kilometers east of Horka in the direction of the Rothenburg district of Geheege . Biehain is embedded in a forest and pond landscape, which is shaped by the Biehain lakes .
The federal road 115 runs through the town of Niesky to the west, while the state road S 127 runs through the town of Rothenburg to the east along the Lusatian Neisse .
The Berlin – Görlitz and Węgliniec – Roßlau railway lines run in the Horka station , which is closest to the village . Regular local rail transport exists in the direction of Cottbus and in the direction of Görlitz. Biehain had a freight yard on the discontinued Horka – Rothenburg – Priebus small railway.
history
Field names suggest that the alley group village was created on the heights of a swampy landscape by German settlers. Biehain was first mentioned in a document in 1397, when the alde Richterynne vom Behan is mentioned in the oldest Görlitz town register. However, a Nicze Behayn and a Hans Behayn were mentioned in Görlitzer sources as early as 1382 and 1390 .
The manor is documented for the year 1601, when Joachim von Gersdorff sold part of it to his brother.
The school, to whose school community also Kaltwasser belonged until 1912 , got a new building in 1720.
Originally parish off to Rothenburg / OL , Biehain was only changed to Horka after the Reformation . The village has had its own cemetery since 1831.
Clay was mined between 1880 and 1900 . Some lakes emerged from the remaining holes, for example the Biehain forest lake .
Towards the end of the First World War , swampy areas were drained in order to gain agricultural land. In addition, fish farming was expanded in the ponds.
After the Second World War , the 130-year period of Prussian administration ended and the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia west of the Lusatian Neisse came back to Saxony. After the dissolution of the federal states, Biehain was assigned to the Niesky district ( Dresden district ).
The expropriated manor was partially transferred to refugees and displaced persons from Silesia during the land reform in the post-war years. The agricultural production cooperative (LPG) of type I, since 1956 of type III, joined the Horkaer LPG in 1969. The ponds were managed by the Kreba inland fishery.
The Horka – Rothenburg – Priebus small railway , which has only operated as far as Steinbach since the end of the war , ceased operations in 1959.
In the course of the Saxon municipal area reform, the municipalities of Biehain and Mückenhain were incorporated into Horka on March 1, 1994 .
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 160 |
| 1871 | 235 |
| 1885 | 226 |
| 1905 | 231 |
| 1925 | 364 |
| 1939 | 353 |
| 1946 | 456 |
| 1950 | 498 |
| 1964 | 392 |
| 1971 | 363 |
| 1988 | 289 |
| 1990 | 269 |
| 1993 | 262 |
| 1999 | 276 |
| 2002 | 285 |
| 2008 | 253 |
In 1777 there were eleven gardeners and ten cottagers in Biehain .
Between 1825 and 1871 the population rose from 160 to over 230. Stagnant growth up to the beginning of the 20th century was followed by renewed population growth due to the onset of industrialization. By the Second World War, the population fell slightly again to around 350, but rose to 500 by 1950 due to Silesian refugees and displaced persons. In the next 40 years a population decline was noticeable, so that Biehain had less than 400 inhabitants in 1964 and less than 300 in 1988. At the beginning of the nineties, a low of about 260 was reached, followed by renewed population growth in the following years.
Place name
The rarely used Sorbian place name Běhany is a direct derivation from the German name that has been handed down as Behain as early as 1412 .
A name origin as a derivation of a personal name - probably the locator of the German settlers who founded the place - is possible, but a derivation of the term "Bienenwald, Bienenhain" is unlikely.
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, p. 325 ff .
Web links
- Biehain in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Steffen Menzel: New findings on first mentions of Upper Lusatian localities. In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 137 (2015) . S. 147 .
- ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony. Retrieved July 16, 2008 .
- ↑ Von der Muskauer Heide zum Rotstein , p. 326
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved July 16, 2008 .
- ^ Information from the registration office of the administrative association Weißer Schöps / Neisse; As of December 31, 2008
- ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 26 f .