Bitter cinnabar blubber

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Bitter cinnabar blubber
Russula amarissima-small.jpg

Bitter cinnabar blubber ( Russula amarissima )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Bitter cinnabar blubber
Scientific name
Russula amarissima
Romagn. & E.-J. Gilbert

The inedible Bitter Cinnabar Täubling or Bitterste Täubling ( Russula amarissima syn. R. lepida var. Amara ) is a fungus from the family of the Täubling relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized deaf with a carmine to purple hat and a velvety hat skin, which is very similar to the hard cinnabar, but tastes very bitter and smells fruity. The mycorrhizal fungus appears from summer to autumn mostly in lime-rich beech forests.

features

Macroscopic features

The red hat is 6–16 cm wide and spread out flat with age but not depressed. The hat is brightly colored carmine or purple. Sometimes it is almost blackish or brownish in the middle, as in the purple-black blotch . The edge is often paler, but the middle can also fade out and is then yellowish to ocher yellow in color. Sometimes there are also more wine-red tones. The hat skin is velvety matt, later fine-grained, sometimes also very finely cracked and concentric as in the red-stemmed leather blubber . It is just as difficult to pull off as the hard cinnabar deaf.

The close-up and creamy white lamellas are thin and often have reddish edges towards the edge of the hat. They can also become rusty with age. The spore powder is pale cream colored IIa according to Romagnesi .

The white stem is also 5–10 cm long and around 2–3.5 cm wide. It is more or less tinged with pink and, like meat, tends to yellow. It is firm and widened at the tip of the stem and is often frosted. Under the hat skin, the flesh is pink to wine red in color. The Täubling tastes very bitter, but not like pencil wood and also has no menthol taste. The guaiac reaction is weakly positive or ambiguous with iron sulfate, the meat turns dirty orange. The Täubling smells slightly fruity.

Microscopic features

The spores are 8–9 µm long and 6–7.5 µm wide and are covered with burrs or partially reticulated warts. The cystidia are up to 100 (–120) µm long and 10–15 µm, often blunt and not or only indistinctly appendiculated.

The cylindrical pileocystids in the cap skin are 3–5 (7) µm wide and sometimes septate. The hyphal end cells are 3–4 µm wide and more or articulated, blunt or teat-shaped. In addition, highly refractive primordial hyphae can be detected in the cap skin , which are more or less finely encrusted. The cystides and pileocystids can hardly be stained with the sulfovanillin reaction.

Species delimitation

The hard cinnabar deaf ( R. rosea ) is similar , but has a menthol odor and a taste of cedarwood . The ocher-leaved vermilion can look similar and often has a slightly bitter taste, but the lamellae of ripe fruit bodies are ocher yellow and the spore powder is clearly yellow in color.

ecology

The bitter cinnabar deaf can be found in red beech forests of the colline to eumontane altitude range and thus also in montane beech-fir forests. There it colonizes fresh, base-rich, but nutrient-poor soils over lime as well as sufficiently base-containing magmatic and metamorphic rocks (granite, gneiss, basalt).

The bitter cinnabar deaf is a mycorrhizal fungus that occurs exclusively under European beech.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the bitter cinnabar pigeon.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The rare and warmth-loving bitter vermilion deaf is mainly found in Western and Central Europe. In Great Britain it occurs only in the south of England. In Germany it was found in Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, as well as in the southern part of the former GDR (probably Thuringia).

    meaning

    The bitter cinnabar deaf is inedible due to its bitter taste.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Synonyms of Russula amarissima. In: Speciesfungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
    2. ↑ a b Russula amarissima. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 82 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved on August 16, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    3. ↑ Russula amarissima. (DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 91 , accessed on August 16, 2011 (Spanish).
    4. ^ Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 . P. 284.
    5. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 493.
    6. ↑ a b Russula amarissima. Pilzoek database, accessed February 3, 2014 .
    7. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed February 3, 2014 .
    8. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 293 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
    9. ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Russula amarissima. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved February 3, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    10. ↑ Grid map of Russula amarissima. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved February 3, 2014 .
    11. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Fungi of Ukraine. cybertruffle.org, accessed February 3, 2014 .
    12. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved February 3, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    13. ↑ by HD Zehfuß et al .: Red list of extinct, lost and endangered large mushrooms in Rhineland-Palatinate. (PDF [3.4MB]) (No longer available online.) In: luwg.rlp.de. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; Retrieved August 16, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.luwg.rlp.de
    14. ↑ Dr. JA Schmitt: Red list of mushrooms in the Saarland. (PDF; 163 kB) In: saarland.de. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .

    Web links

    Commons : Bitter Cinnabar Täubling ( Russula amarissima )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files