Bletilla
| Bletilla | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bletilla striata |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Bletilla | ||||||||||||
| Rchb.f. |
The genus bletilla from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae) consists of five plant species that are common in China, Taiwan and Japan. Bletilla striata is occasionally grown as an ornamental plant.
description
The species of the genus Bletilla grow terrestrially. The roots (the velamen is three to four cell layers thick) and the shoots arise from a tuber-like, thickened rhizome . These are not thickened or thicken in the course of the growing season at the lower end to form a slender pseudobulb . Each shoot has two to six leaves . These are linear to lanceolate in shape and folded along the numerous leaf veins . A separating fabric is formed between the leaf and the shoot. The racemose inflorescence appears terminal. It is often bent back and forth like a zigzag and has few resupinated flowers . The flower color is white, pink or yellow. The petals are not fused together. Except for the lip , the petals are similar in shape, the inner ones are slightly wider than the outer ones. The lip is three-lobed and has a callus in the middle . The column is curved, winged at the edge and at the end carries the stamen bent down opposite the column axis . There are eight poll lines in two groups of four. The cigar-shaped capsule fruit stands upright.
The flowers are visited by various insects, although they do not offer nectar. In Bletilla striata , Tetralonia nipponensis has been observed to be a common pollinator.
distribution
The Bletilla species are found in a broad band from Yunnan through southern China and in neighboring Myanmar and Thailand. To the east, the area extends over Taiwan to southern Korea and Japan. They settle at altitudes of 500 to 2000 meters.
They grow terrestrially in places with little shade, for example in grass communities, in bushland, in stony terrain or at the edge of the forest. Often they can be found on roadsides and embankments.
Systematics and botanical history
The first description of a Bletilla species comes from Carl Peter Thunberg , who named it Limodorum striatum in 1784 - today this species is called Bletilla striata . Rafinesque established the genus Jimensia for these plants in 1838 . John Lindley described the species Bletia gebina in 1847 - later recognized as identical to Bletilla striata . Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach then set up his own genus in 1853, which he called Bletilla , "Little Bletia". The representatives of the genera Bletilla and Bletia look alike, but are not closely related. Although the name Jimensia is older and therefore has priority, Bletilla is used as a so-called nomen conservandum .
The genus Bletilla is classified in the Subertribus Coelogyninae , where it represents a basal group. Close relatives are suspected to be in the genera Thunia , Dilochia and possibly Pleione .
The following species are known in this genus:
- Bletilla chartacea (King & Pantl.) Tang & FTWang , northern Myanmar
- Bletilla foliosa (King & Pantl.) Tang & FTWang , southern Yunnan, Thailand and Myanmar
- Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. , southeastern Tibet, China and Taiwan
- Bletilla guizhouensis Jie Huang & GZChen : The species first described in 2019 occurs in Guizhou .
- Bletilla ochracea Schltr. , China and Vietnam
- Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. , China, Myanmar, Japan, Nansei Islands and Korea.
use
Bletilla striata in particular is found in culture in Central Europe. The plants are hardy in protected locations. A sunny to partially shaded location and loamy, non-drying soil are recommended.
In East Asia the rhizomes, stems and leaves are used as medicine.
Name declaration
The generic name honors Luis Blet y Gazel (1742–1808), a Spanish military and court pharmacist.
literature
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (Part one) . 2nd Edition. tape 4/1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-850712-7 , pp. 35-38 .
- Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb: Bletilla . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 25 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 1994, pp. 209 ( efloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cássio van den Berg et al: An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendreae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumsription of Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae) . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 92 , no. 4 , ISSN 0002-9122 , p. 613-624 ( cassiovandenberg.com [PDF; accessed March 6, 2008]). An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendreae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumsription of Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae) ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Bletilla. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 6, 2020.
- ↑ Richard Hansen , Friedrich Stahl: The perennials and their areas of life . 5th edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-8001-6630-5 , p. 315 .
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
