Broad banded perennial tensioner

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Broad banded perennial tensioner
Broad-banded perennial spanner (Idaea aversata)

Broad-banded perennial spanner ( Idaea aversata )

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Sterrhinae
Tribe : Sterrhini
Genre : Idaea
Type : Broad banded perennial tensioner
Scientific name
Idaea aversata
( Linnaeus , 1758)
Broad banded perennial tensioner

The broad-banded perennial spanner ( Idaea aversata ), also called the small leaf spanner or mouse-ear spanner , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the spanner family (Geometridae). It is a species common in Central Europe and very variable in color and drawing, with numerous synonyms and forms .

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 23 to 31 millimeters. The second generation is usually much smaller with a wingspan of 20 mm. The basic color of the wings is whitish yellow to ocher yellow. There are also specimens with an orange-red hue in color, which have a tendency to melanism . The drawing elements usually stand out clearly due to the dark brown color and are sharply drawn. There are three transverse lines on the fore wings and two on the hind wings. In some specimens, the wavy line can still be seen as a dark shadow. The outer transverse line bends near the front edge usually at a clear angle to the outside. In some specimens, the area between the middle and outer transverse line is filled in dark brown. Since this form does not occur in the related species, such specimens can always be clearly identified as Idaea aversata . The discal spots are small and inconspicuous, they can also be missing. They lie on the forewings along the edge of the median transverse line, on the hind wings towards the roots. On the outer edge there are small seam points that are greatly elongated and can almost form a narrow edge line.

The egg is oval with weak surface structures. It is initially yellowish-reddish in color, later it becomes a little darker and develops red spots. Shortly before the egg caterpillars hatch, it turns dark brown with light spots.

The caterpillar has a compact body, its diameter decreases a little towards the front end. It is usually gray-brown with strong constrictions. Light diamond spots are developed on the four middle segments. The ventral side is usually lighter in color. The relatively small head is striking.

The pupa measures 8.5 to 9.8 mm in length and 2.8 to 3.3 mm in diameter. It is brown in color, but only slightly shiny, the wing sheaths are greenish. The tongue-shaped cremaster has curved sides. The end is rounded when seen from above, tapering to a point from the side. A transverse groove runs dorsally at its base. The four pairs of hook-shaped bristles are all roughly the same length and significantly shorter than the Kremaster itself.

Similar species

Geographical occurrence

The broad-banded perennial spanner has a large distribution area that includes almost all of Europe to the Urals. Only on the Iberian Peninsula are the occurrences isolated. There are also some areas on the Balkan Peninsula in which the species has not yet been identified. The northern border runs in Fennoscandia in northern Sweden and northern Finland. The northernmost parts of Russia and some areas of Russia northwest of the Caspian Sea are also excluded. In North Africa (Eastern Algeria and Tunisia) there is a smaller occurrence, which, however, belongs to a separate subspecies ( Idaea aversata indeviata Prout, 1935). Outside Europe, the distribution area extends over patchy occurrences in northern Turkey to the Caucasus, from there on to Central Asia, Siberia and northeast China to Japan. However, the occurrences in Japan are regarded as a separate subspecies ( Idaea aversata japonica Inoue, 1955). A small, isolated occurrence in southern Turkey is noteworthy.

In Central Europe, the species occurs up to 1500 m above sea level, in Southern Europe up to 1700 m and in Turkey and the Central Asian Mountains up to 2200 m.

The habitat of the broad-banded shrubbery includes deciduous and mixed forests, forest edges, rows of hedges, gardens and parks, wherever fallen leaves are not removed. It's quite common almost everywhere.

Phenology and way of life

Idaea aversata forms one to three generations per year, depending on the location. In Northern Europe and in the mountainous areas of Central Europe (about 600 m) only one generation is formed, whose moths fly from June to August. In southern Europe and in favorable or lower altitudes of Central Europe, two overlapping generations are usually formed, the adults of which fly from May to September. In exceptional cases and under particularly favorable circumstances, a partial third generation can develop, the moths of which fly until the end of October. During the day the moths rest in the vegetation or sit on trees and walls. They are nocturnal and fly to artificial light sources. They suck nectar on the flowers of grasses e.g. B. Common swamp rush ( Eleocharis palustris ) and buddleia ( Buddleja ) and are also used as bait . Various acetates of alkenes were isolated from the pheromone components .

The caterpillars live polyphag of dried leaves of plants of the grass layer, and hardwoods, among other things, bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), alder ( Alnus ), annual bluegrass ( Poa annua ), Exceptional dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ), plantains ( Plantago ), quail wheat ( Melampyrum ), clematis ( Clematis ), gorse ( Genista ), broom broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), common chickweed ( Stellaria media ), bed herbs ( Galium ), forget-me-nots ( Myosotis ), primroses ( Primula ), hazels ( Corylus ) , Common clove root ( Geum urbanum ), brook clove root ( Geum rivale ), poterium , currants ( Ribes ), bird knotweed ( Polygonum aviculare ) and dock ( Rumex ). In breeding and catkins of were Real weeping willow ( Salix babylonica ) and Meadow Sage ( Salvia pratensis ), Lonicera tatarica ( Lonicera tatarica ), hawthorns ( Crataegus ), blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ), birch ( Betula ) and Mary Bellflower ( Campanula medium ) eaten. The caterpillar development is very asynchronous. The caterpillar overwinters.

Systematics

The very common forma remutata

The species was first scientifically described in 1758 by Carl von Linné under the name Phalaena Geometra aversata . Due to the high variability in the basic color and the drawing, the species was described under eight other names. In addition, numerous formats have been established for the various types of drawings. There are currently three subspecies: the nominotypical subspecies Idaea aversata aversata (Linné, 1758), Idaea aversata indeviata (Prout, 1929) from North Africa and Idaea aversata japonica (Inoue, 1955) from Japan. The population of Corsica, griseocorsa Schawerda, which was previously also regarded as a subspecies, was reunited with the nominotypical subspecies by Axel Hausmann.

Danger

The broad-banded herbaceous moth is not endangered in Germany. It is currently one of the most common species of the genus Idaea .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Red Lists at science4you
  2. ↑ Jan Pactočka: The pupae of the tensioners (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Central Europe: subfamily Sterrhinae. Bonn zoological contributions, 51 (4): 269-296, Bonn 2002 ISSN  0006-7172 PDF ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (2.9 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zfmk.de
  3. ^ Pasi Sihvonen: The Sterrhinae moth fauna of Fenglin Nature Reserve, North-East China. (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Spixiana, 29 (3): 247-257, Munich 2006 ISSN  0341-8391
  4. ↑ Junwei Zhu, Nils Ryrholm, Håkan Ljungberg, Bill S. Hansson, David Hall, Darwin Reed and Christer Löfstedt: Olefinic acetates, Δ-9,11-14: OAc and Δ-7,9-12: OAc used as sex pheromone components in three geometrid moths, Idaea aversata, I. straminata, and I. biselata (Geometridae, Lepidoptera). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22 (8): 1505-1526, 1996 doi : 10.1007 / BF02027728

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-800-13497-7
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  • Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 8-788-75737-4
  • Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 .

Web links

Commons : Widebanded Staudenspanner  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files