Bruno von Openkowski

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Bruno von Openkowski , also: Bruno von Oppenkowski , Polish: Brunon Openkowski or Opęchowski , (born September 11, 1887 in Nerwigk , Warmia , † January 22, 1952 in Stettin ) was a German-Polish lawyer and publicist .

Life

Origin, youth and education

The families of the Mazovian szlachta Opęchowski and Gratkowski settled in the Sauerbaum deserted village in the early 1480s . In the years 1772/73 the property of 58 Hufen was distributed between the von Gratkowski, von Knobelsdorff, von Koszciesza and von Oppenkowski families .

Bruno von Openkowski was the son of the village teacher in Nerwigk , Adalbert von Oppenkowski (1855–1905) and his wife Franziska geb. Sadrinna. In the years 1901-1909 he attended high school and Lyceum Hosianum in Braunsberg , then since 1910 he studied law and political science at the Albertus University in Königsberg . He was an active member of SpVgg ASCO Königsberg and scored several victories in athletics competitions in 1921. He then received his doctorate at the Faculty of Law and Political Science in August 1916 with the dissertation The Tasks of the Rural Cooperative System in Prussia at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg under promoter Georg von Schanz as a doctor of law ( Dr. iur. ).

During the First World War he swore an oath on Kaiser Wilhelm II and served in the Imperial Army .

Profession and work

After his discharge from military service, he first worked as a lawyer in Braunsberg, then from 1920 in Berlin. Bruno von Openkowski was a member and since 1924 syndic and trustee of the Union of Poles in Germany in Berlin and published several articles in the magazine Kulturwehr on the situation of national minorities in Germany. In August 1930 he married the Polish consular officer Julianna Szymońska. In the summer of 1931 he represented Kurt Obitz in a court in Berlin. As one of the delegates of the Association of National Minorities in Germany , he was received by Chancellor Adolf Hitler on November 5, 1937, together with Jan Kaczmarek and Jan Skala  .

After the attack on Poland in September 1939, the representatives of the Union of Poles in Germany were banned from all activities by Openkowski, Michallek and Lemańczyk on September 7, 1939. He was arrested by the Gestapo in Berlin in 1940 and 1944 for helping members of the Union of Poles in Germany and Polish forced laborers . After the end of the war, he was President of the Committee for the Return of Poles from Germany (Komitet ds. Repatriacji Polaków z Niemczech) from 1945, emigrated from Berlin to Stettin ( People's Republic of Poland ) in 1948 and was legal advisor at the local health department until the end of his life employed.

Choice of fonts

  • The tasks of the rural cooperative system in Prussia . (Inaugural dissertation, 139 pages), Ostpreußische Druckerei, Königsberg 1916.
  • Prussian minority practice. A demonstration ad oculos regarding the civic equal treatment of minorities in Prussian Germany . In: Kulturwille 9 , Berlin 1925, pp. 387-392.
  • The applicable law of the national minorities . In: Kulturwehr 3 , Berlin 1926, pp. 109–116.
  • Theory and practice. A contribution to the Prussian minority policy in the province of Upper Silesia . In: Kulturwehr , Berlin 1926.
  • The applicable law of the national minorities in Germany . In: Kulturwehr , Berlin 1927, pp. 193–241.
  • Words and deeds. Antiquarian minority law in Prussia . In: Kulturwehr , Berlin 1928, pp. 154–170.
  • Is Article 113 of the German Reich Constitution positive law? . In: Kulturwehr , Berlin 1931, pp. 125–160. ( Online )
  • The struggle for the Polish minority school in Prussia. Negative decision of the Prussian Higher Administrative Court on the question of legal control . In: Kulturwehr , Berlin 1932, pp. 277–289.
  • The election campaign of the Polish minority in the Prussian state elections in 1932 . In: Kulturwehr 8 , Berlin 1932, pp. 99–122.

literature

  • Oppenkowski, Bruno from in; Ernst Federau: The high school graduates of the Braunsberg high school from 1818 to 1945 . In: Magazine for History and Archeology of Warmia (ZGAE). Supplement 8/1990, p. 136.
  • Jan Boenigk, Wiktoria Żurawska: Doctor Brunon Opęchowski - radca prawny Związku Polaków w Niemczech. In: Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie 4 (1969), pp. 589–600 (Polish) (pdf)
  • Openkowski (Opęchowski) Brunon (1887–1952). In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny , Vol. 24, 1979, pp. 117-118.
  • Openkowski Brunon. In: Tadeusz Oracki: Słownik biograficzny Warmii, Mazur i Powiśla XIX i XX w. (do 1945 roku). Warsaw 1983, p. 237.
  • Openkowski (Opęchowski) Brunon (1887–1952). In: Michał Czajka, Marcin Kamler, Witold Sienkiewicz: Leksykon historii Polski. Warsaw 1995.
  • Openkowski, Bruno von In: Marianne Krüger-Potratz, Dirk Jasper, Fernandine Knabe: "Fremdsprachige Volksteile" and German schools: school policy for the children of the autochthonous minorities of the Weimar Republic . Waxmann Verlag , Münster 1998, ISBN 3893256253 , p. 137ff.
  • Openkowski, Bruno von In: Ferdinande Knabe: Linguistic minorities and national school in Prussia between 1821 and 1933 . Waxmann Verlag, Münster 2000, ISBN 3893258388 , p. 353.
  • Bruno von Openkowski In: Paul Bruppacher: Adolf Hitler and the history of the NSDAP. Part 1 . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2008, ISBN 9783833486609 , p. 514.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Artur Andreas Tiedmann: Grotkowski to sour tree . In: Magazine for the history and antiquity of Warmia (ZGAE) . 9, 1990.
  2. ↑ http://ostpreussensport.beepworld.de/asco-erhaben.htm
  3. ↑ Bruno von Oppenkowski: The tasks of the rural cooperative system in Prussia. (No longer available online.) Ostpreußische Druckerei, 1916, archived from the original on September 27, 2013 ; Retrieved September 24, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alsatica.eu
  4. ↑ http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009064174
personal data
SURNAME Openkowski, Bruno von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oppenkowski, Bruno von; Openkowski, Brunon; Opęchowski, Brunon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Polish lawyer and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH September 11, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Nerwigk , Warmia
DATE OF DEATH January 22, 1952
Place of death Szczecin