Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape

Budj Bim cultural landscape
UNESCO world heritage
Eroded lava hills in the Tyrendarra area
National territory:	Australia
Type:	Culture
Criteria :	(iii) (v)
Reference No .:	1577
UNESCO region :	Asia and Pacific
History of enrollment
Enrollment:	2019  ( session 43 )

The Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape is located at Byaduk and Hamilton in Victoria , Australia . The area is divided into two nationally protected areas, the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape Mount Eccles Lake Condah Area and the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape Tyrendarra Area . These are protected landscape areas that have significant Aboriginal cultural aspects . That is why they were added to the Australian National Heritage List by the Australian government in July 2004 and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2019 .

In these areas live the Gunditjmara , who before the European colonization practiced fish farming and stone construction and lived in villages.

history

Presumably thousands of years ago, the Gunditjmara began to channel waters, to build fish ladders and to farm fish. In addition to building fish farms, they were the only Aboriginal people to build stone houses in villages and to settle down. They raised eels for their own consumption and for trade and smoked them to make them durable. They were the first to farm fish on the continent of Australia.

Mount Eccles , called Budj Bim by the Aborigines , gave the protected area its name. It is one of the youngest, currently inactive volcanoes in Australia, from whose crater lava flowed towards the ocean, changing the water flow and creating large wetlands. The resulting lava field is called Tyrendarra. The Aborigines developed fish farming through canals and weirs, bringing water and young eels from Darlots Creek to lower-lying areas, creating large flooded landscapes and catching the fish in them with woven baskets.

When European colonization began in the 1830s, there were numerous conflicts between the whites and the Aborigines that lasted for more than twenty years and were called the Eumerella Wars . As a result of these clashes, there were numerous massacres and the Aborigines were decimated. Later in the 1860s they were deported to the Condah Mission Station on Lake Condah , which was near their fish ladder and in view of the Budj Bim . The station was closed in 1910 and the mission church was demolished in 1950.

The Gunditjmara remained in their ancestral territory and were able to buy the mission's land in 1987. On July 20, 2004, the Commonwealth - the Australian central government - declared the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape a national monument and in 2008 the Aborigines received their land back from the state of Victoria.

The Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape is administered by the Gunditj Mirring and the Winda Mara Organization and parts of Mount Eccles National Park are operated cooperatively by the Gunditjmara and the State Park Administration of Victoria.

On July 7, 2011, a Budj Bim Heritage World Symposium was held to prepare the area for application to the UNESCO World Heritage List .

Mount Eccles / Lake Condah Area

In the protected area of ​​Mount Eccles / Lake Condah 38 ° 4 ′ 0 ″  S , 141 ° 55 ′ 0 ″  E is the Mount Eccles National Park and it was the Condah mission station built in 1868 on Lake Condah with the 1885 from local rock built mission church.

When the Half-Caste Act was passed in 1886 , which also meant that all Aborigines had to leave their reservations, this mission station was established. When this law was repealed in 1910, many Aborigines returned to their ancestral lands.

In 1950 the mission station was completely closed and the church and other buildings demolished, the stones of which were used for the church in Hamilton .

Tyrendarra Area

The 248 ha large protected area of Tyrendarra 38 ° 12 '0 "  S , 141 ° 46' 0"  O is located between the Fitzroy River and Darlot Creek , which is owned by the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation located.

The landscape is shaped by the rudiments of stone huts and aquaculture of the Aborigines, as well as the eroded lava hills. In the south of the area, on both sides of the Princes Highway , rock was removed to build walls and roads, changing the original landscape.

The Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) was recognized as worthy of protection by the Australian government in December 2003 by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities . This area is a traditional dreamtime place and for local Aboriginal ceremonies.

Web links

• abc.net.au : Mission History with illustration of the Mission Church (English)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Budj Bim Cultural Landscape. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed July 8, 2019 . 
2. ↑ environment.gov.au ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.1 MB): Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape , in English, accessed on October 5, 2011  
3. ↑ lakecondah.com ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Budj Bim World Heritage Symposium , in English, accessed October 5, 2011 
4. ^ Noel Fulford Learmonth: Four Towns and a Survey. Hawthorn Press, Melbourne 1970, ISBN 0-7256-0012-8 .
5. ↑ ilc.gov.au ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Indigenois Land corporation. Land Purchased VIC , accessed October 5, 201  
6. ↑ environment.gov.au : Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area , in English, accessed October 5, 2011

Coordinates: 38 ° 4 ′ 0 ″  S , 141 ° 55 ′ 0 ″  E