Šumburk Castle

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Šumburk Castle on the mountain of the same name
View of the remains of the residential tower
Castle plan: 1 quarry, 2 fortifications, 3 pre-bastion, 4 first gate, 5 second gate, 6 third gate, 7 tower, 8 moat, 9 eastern plateau, 10 residential tower, 11 palas with chapel, 12th hall

The ruin near Klösterle , usually known today as Šumburk / Schönburg Castle, is actually called Neuschönburg . Since 1950 it has been called Šumná , mostly simplified .

It is located on the summit of the Šumná cone mountain of the same name in the Egergraben near Perštejn ( Pürstein ) in the Czech Republic . Larger parts of the outer walls, the palace and the large residential tower of the stately castle are still preserved today. At the entrance to the castle is a baroque manor (ruin).

Name forms

This castle (and the completely abandoned older castle "Schönburg") has been named with two alternatively used names in various documents, literature and maps since the Middle Ages:

  • Schönburg (Czech: Šumburk ) or
  • Neuschönburg (Czech: Nový Šumburk )

Both names are historically documented. The castle hill is usually called Šumná , which translated means Schönburg .

Gerhard Mercator's map of Saxony (Amsterodam 1585) describes the mountain and castle as "Neu Schonberg". The map of Bohemia by G. Mercator and J. Hondius (Amsterodam 1623) refers to Berg / Burg as "N. Schuburg ". On the “Müller map” ( Johann Christoph Müller ) from 1720, the castle and mountain are marked as “Schonberg”. The map of the Saaz district by Franz Jacob Heinrich Kreibich from 1828 describes the place, mountain and castle as "Schönburg".

history

In 1435, Šumburk was first mentioned as Nový Šumburk (Neuschönburg). The castle was probably founded by the lords of Schönburg , who owned the Pürstein rule at the time. The castle was probably built in connection with the division of inheritance between Alesch ( Aleš ) and Wilhelm ( Vilém ) von Schönburg . The latter called himself “zcu Nuenschonenburg” in 1435 and was one of the supporters of Georg von Podebrads . In 1442 the rule and castle of Hoyerswerda came into the possession of Wilhelm I von Schönburg on the Neuschönburg. In 1449 he sold Šumburk to Wilhelm the Elder because of numerous feuds and property conflicts . Ä. from Ileburg . He only kept the Schönburg for a short time and sold it to Apel Vitzthum the Elder in Roßla . Vitzthum had the castle enlarged after he was expelled from the Wettin lands (Electoral Saxony and Duchy of Thuringia) after the end of the Saxon fratricidal war in 1452 and found a new position in Bohemia in 1453 as a councilor to the king there. There he had acquired the lords of Klösterle and Neuschönburg.

The Vitzthume were expelled from Saxony because they had acted as advisors on both sides during the Saxon Fratricidal War and it can be shown that they had wrongly advised the elector in their own favor.

In 1512, the knights of Vitzthum achieved the conversion of their feudal estates into allodial estates by King Wladislaw II. At the beginning of the 16th century they had the castle expanded again considerably. It emerged extensive additions to the residential tower, a new palace and other farm buildings. Apel IV. Von Vitzthum ran a forgery workshop at the castle. This was discovered by imperial officials in 1530 and Vitzthum, who was at a wedding in Vlašim at the time , fled to Electoral Saxony . He was punished in 1531 with the loss of his property and expelled from Bohemia by Ferdinand I. In 1542 the Lords of Schönburg bought the castle they had built again.

At the end of the 16th century, Šumburk burned out and was not rebuilt. At that time, the Meierhof under the castle was renovated. In 1623 the Schönburgers left the ruinous complex to the owner of the castle and lordship of Klösterle , Christoph Simon Freiherr von Thun , who had the Meierhof below the castle ruins rebuilt in Baroque style.

In the 17th century the castle is mentioned as being desolate. The Meierhof under the castle is mentioned for the first time in 1512 and that in connection with the release of the castle from the feudal connection. The baroque four-sided Meierhof below the castle also fell into ruin after 1946. He is titled on a German-language hiking map from 1939 as "Alt-Schönburg".

In the vicinity of the Meierhof there was a village called Schönburg (Czech Šumná; also: Šumburk, Dvůr Šumná, Hof Schönburt, Schemrich, Šenburk) until 1945.

Since the Battle of the White Mountain and the subsequent expulsion of the Vitzthume, the castle (ruin) and the Meierhof belonged to the von Thun and Hohenstein family with headquarters at Klösterle Castle until 1945 .

Panoramic views

  • in 1910 (postcard)

  • from the northwest

  • from the west

  • View to the northeast of the town of Klösterle

Core castle

  • Remnants of the ring wall and the ruins of the residential tower of the inner castle, view to the west

  • Residential tower remnants

  • Residential tower, highest surviving part of the wall on the northwest side

  • Masonry of the residential tower

Outer bailey

  • View from the residential tower to the first outer bailey (to the southeast)

  • third castle gate with bridge over the neck ditch in front of the first outer bailey

  • View through the third gate into the (first) outer bailey

  • In the (first) outer bailey, shell towers, curtain wall and outer castle gate (right)

  • angular shell tower of the east wall in the first outer bailey

Notes on a predecessor complex "Schönburg" that has probably passed away

From 1990 to 1991 the Museum Schloss Hinterglauchau showed a special exhibition “The Schönburgers, Economy, Politics, Culture”. A brochure of the same name was published, which was produced by several experts from various fields. In the run-up to the exhibition, several museum employees visited the former Schönburger castles in the Czech Republic. The chapter “Overview of Schönburg possessions” contains the following quote on p. 15: “The Bohemian possessions of the House of Schönburg concentrated on a number of castles and manors in the upper Egertal, in the near and far vicinity of Klösterle (today Klášterec). This included the Schönburg , a complex from the early 14th century, which was soon preferred to the somewhat younger Neuschönburg located to the north ”.

This obviously means that another - older - Schönburg existed in a different place and what is now commonly known as "Schönburg" is actually the younger "Neuschönburg". The “Neuschönburg” is located on the Šumná mountain and the ruinous Meierhof at the foot of this mountain. According to the description, the original Schönburg should be south of Mount Sumna with the Neuschönburg. This would also explain the two different names in historical documents.

It is noteworthy that the hobby historian Viktor Karell in 1936 in his book "Burgen und Schlösser des Erzgebirge and Egertales" in the article "Neu-Schönburg" (pp. 35–40) deals with the Neuschönburg with the Meierhof, but does not mention it at all. that there had been a previous castle "Schönburg" in a different place.

It can be assumed that nothing of the older "Schönburg" has survived today, so this castle is a desolate castle site ( Burgstall ) / lost castle. Since the existence of the older Schönburg was probably forgotten by the population, the name Schönburg was ultimately transferred to the Neuschönburg, which still exists today as a large ruin. According to the Chomutov District Museum, there is no literature on the older Schönburg.

Say

There are several legends about the Schönburg:

  • Wine from Schönburg Castle
  • The Katzengraben around Schönburg

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Šumburk Castle  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Various authors (including Stanislav Ded): Přísečnice - zatopena, ale nezapomenuta / Preßnitz - lost but not forgotten ; Anthology, Chomutov Regional Museum, 2004, no ISBN. Chapter: Die Stadt am Passweg, pp. 63–66, old maps of Bohemia and Saxony for the region of Northern Bohemia (Czech / German)
  2. ^ Author collective, u. a. Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber : The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture . Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. “Overview of Schönburg possessions” Wilhelm I. von Schönburg on Neuschönburg p. 15
  3. ↑ Viktor Karell : Castles and palaces of the Ore Mountains and Egertal. Vol. 1, Vinzenz Uhl Verlagbuchhandlung, Kaaden , 1935. (Neu-Schönburg Castle, pp. 35–40)
  4. ↑ Reprint: Hiking map of the Saxon-Bohemian Ore Mountains 1939 , in German, Sonnenblumen-Verlag Dresden, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-9815070-9-6
  5. ↑ Disappeared places and objects, Schönburg village, status: January 2018, http://www.zanikleobce.cz/index.php?lang=d&obec=87
  6. ^ Author collective, u. a. Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber : The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture . Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–91 in the museum and art collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. “Overview of Schönburg possessions” p. 15
  7. ↑ Viktor Karell : Castles and palaces of the Ore Mountains and Egertal. Vol. 1, Vinzenz Uhl Verlagbuchhandlung, Kaaden , 1935. Legends about the Schönburg pp. 96–97

Coordinates: 50 ° 22 ′ 19.1 ″  N , 13 ° 8 ′ 43.7 ″  E