Löcknitz Castle
| Löcknitz Castle | ||
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| Creation time : | before 1212 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | received in parts | |
| Standing position : | High nobility | |
| Construction: | Brick | |
| Place: | Löcknitz | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 27 '11.7 " N , 14 ° 12' 16" E | |
| Height: | 10 m above sea level NHN | |
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The löcknitz castle is a castle in the municipality of Loecknitz in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , from now only remains as the octagonal keep remain.
history
The Slavic castle "Lokenitza" was originally probably built from a pile work with beams and surrounded by a ring wall with palisades and ditches and protected the ford through the Randow . In the 13th century, a German brick castle was built. The villages of Bismark (today part of the municipality of Ramin ), Plöwen and Bergholz also belonged to the castle at that time.
A Slavic bailiff "Conrad de Lokeniz" is known as early as 1124 , but without any further details or direct connection to Löcknitz. In a deed of donation from Duke Bogislaw II of Pomerania from 1212, then u. a. a "Thomas de Lokenitz" , probably listed as the episcopal Vogt of Löcknitz Castle. According to the church statutes of the diocese of Cammin, the "castrum Lokenitze cum opido" belonged to the table goods of the local bishop from the founding of the diocese in 1175 to 1385 .
Because of its location at the ford on the Randow River and on the border between Pomerania and Brandenburg, Löcknitz was often fought over. It belonged to Pomerania from the earliest times until 1250. With the Landin Treaty , Löcknitz then switched to the Mark Brandenburg in an area swap, where it remained until 1390. From 1390 to 1468 it belonged again to Pomerania. In 1390, the Löcknitz castle loan was pledged to the von Wussow lords , who kept it until 1416. From 1433 at the latest, Löcknitz was owned by the von Heydebreck family . In 1468 Löcknitz was recaptured from the Electorate of Brandenburg and in 1472 and 1479 Brandenburg was confirmed in the Prenzlau Treaty of Löcknitz. Löcknitz Castle belonged to the Uckermark region in Brandenburg as an independent office until 1818 . Elector Albrecht III. Achilles of Brandenburg enfeoffed Werner von der Schulenburg with the hereditary captaincy over Löcknitz Castle in 1479 and appointed him as bailiff of the Löcknitz office. Both remained in the possession of the von der Schulenburg family until 1688 . In 1557 Joachim von der Schulenburg had a new palace or manor house built in the Renaissance style with a chapel and a church right next to the castle . During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and the occupation of Löcknitz by Sweden from 1636 to 1650, the von der Schulenburg family had been driven from their property. In the course of a long-standing legal dispute between the von der Schulenburg family and the Elector of Brandenburg from the end of the Thirty Years' War to 1688 about the ownership of the Löcknitz Castle, the elector had already created facts in 1685, converted Löcknitz into an electoral domain and all claims rejected by the family von der Schulenburg.
After the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Löcknitz was largely in ruins, essentially only the castle with the castle and the fortress and the castle mill remained. The rivers Welse and Randow now formed the new border between Brandenburg and Swedish Pomerania . As a result, after 1650 Löcknitz with its fortified castle became an important Brandenburg border fortress towards Sweden.
During the Second Swedish-Polish War (Second Northern War) from 1655 to 1660, the border fortress Löcknitz served as an important starting point in 1659 for the campaign of Brandenburg-Prussia, who was fighting on the Polish side, against Swedish Pomerania.
In the Swedish-Brandenburg War from 1674 to 1679, fighting again took place between Swedish and Brandenburg troops in the Löcknitz area in 1675. When Sweden invaded Brandenburg in 1674/75 , the fortified Löcknitz Castle with its 180-man crew was under the command of the Brandenburg Colonel Götze on 14/15. May 1675 after one day's bombardment by the Swedish army handed over to the Swedish troops under the command of the Swedish sergeant Jobst Sigismund against the assurance of free withdrawal and without offering major resistance. For this, Götze was later sentenced to death by a court martial and executed in Berlin on March 24, 1676. Elector Friedrich Wilhelm, the "Great Elector" , recaptured the fortified Löcknitz Castle from the Swedes in 1675/76.
After the Great Northern War from 1700 to 1721, Löcknitz and its fortress were no longer on the border, but in the hinterland. As a result, the strategically important location of Löcknitz on the ford through the Randow and the castle for Prussia had become militarily insignificant for centuries. In 1715 the Löcknitz castle with castle and fortifications was still armored with 18 guns, but the operating teams were already missing. A lieutenant colonel Heinrich von Blankenburg is known as the last fortress commandant of Löcknitz for the year 1717 . Until the peace treaty in 1720, Löcknitz Castle with the castle and the fortifications were kept in a defensible condition. However, in the same year it was given up and gradually fell into disrepair in the following years.
Despite the fact that Löcknitz was in the hinterland, it was not spared from acts of war during the Seven Years' War from 1756 to 1763. Löcknitz had suffered severe damage from the fighting in this war, so in 1760 there were only 25 residential buildings in addition to the castle, remains of the fortress and the office.
In the course of the Napoleonic Wars from 1792 to 1813 and the Wars of Liberation from 1813 to 1815, large parts of the Löcknitz domain were parceled out in 1807 and then sold to private owners, including the castle.
The castle was completely renovated in 1851 and apartments were furnished that were used until the castle was closed by the building authorities in 1958. After that it was empty, fell into disrepair and was blown up in 1985. Today only parts of the castle complex , such as the octagonal keep , some outbuildings, remains of walls and the cellar vault remain. The keep and the cellar vaults are used by the Löcknitz tourism, local history and castle associations. The remains of the former castle complex, especially the outbuildings, are privately owned and not open to the public.
literature
- Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Ed.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I). From the first settlement to 1945 , Schibri Verlag, Milow 1999.
- Hugo Lemcke : The architectural and art monuments of the administrative district of Stettin - Volume III: The district of Ückermünde, Volume V: The district of Randow. Stettin 1900/1901 (historical reprints of the Uecker-Randow region, vol. 7, published by Buchhandlung Maaß, Pasewalk 2000).
- Curt Jany: History of the Prussian Army - From the 15th Century to 1914 , Vol. 1, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1967.
- Werner Senckpiel: The history of the place Löcknitz , Council of the community Löcknitz, Löcknitz 1959.
Individual evidence
- ^ Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Ed.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I) : Page 9.
- ^ Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Hrsg.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I) : Pages 10-12.
- ^ Hugo Lemcke: pp. 15–17 and 69 f.
- ^ Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Hrsg.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I) : Page 17 u. 24.
- ^ Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Hrsg.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I) : Page 24.
- ^ Curt Jany: page 238.
- ↑ Heinrich v. Blanckenburg the last proven commander of the Löcknitz fortress in 1717, in: Official notice of the office of Löcknitz-Penkun, Jhrg. 6, No. 10, October 4, 2011, p. 6ff. (PDF; 4.2 MB)
- ^ Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Ed.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I) : Page 30.
- ^ Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Ed.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I) : Page 31 f.
- ^ Förderverein Burgfried Löcknitz eV (Ed.): Ortschronik von Löcknitz (Part I) : Pages 33-38.
- ↑ Werner Senckpiel: The history of the place Löcknitz : historical overview table (Modern Age II: from 1945).
Web links
- Heimat- und Burgverein Löcknitz eV
- Theatrum Europaeum . Digitized version of the Augsburg University Library. Löcknitz Castle in the Theatrum Europaeum 1633-1738, vol. 11 (1672-1679), p. 876 (1676), plate 61, Frankfurt am Main 1682 (Matthäus Merian).
- Reconstruction drawing of Löcknitz Castle