Landskron Castle (Oppenheim)
| Landskron Castle | ||
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 Burg Landskron from the tower of St. Catherine's Church added |
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| Alternative name (s): | Reichsburg Oppenheim, Landskrone | |
| Creation time : | around 1100 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Oppenheim | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 51 '18.5 " N , 8 ° 21' 10.5" E | |
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The Landskron Castle , former imperial castle Oppenheim , the ruins of a hilltop castle at Oppenheim in Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate . The castle is built on a strategic point on the mountain of Oppenheim.
history
Before Landskron Castle was built, there was probably a Salian or Staufer fortification on the same site , which was destroyed in 1118 as the "praesidium" in the possession of King Heinrich V by troops of the Archbishop of Mainz , Adalbert .
The castle itself was probably built at the beginning of the 13th century. The oldest surviving written mention of the "Reichsburg Oppenheim" comes from 1244. This castle was destroyed in 1257 and 1275 by the citizens of Oppenheim in a dispute with the castle men over their privileges. Rudolf von Habsburg forced the citizens to rebuild the castle by 1281. In 1275 the king pledged the castle to Ruprecht von der Pfalz . Ruprecht had the castle expanded accordingly. He was followed by his grandson Ruprecht III. as the owner of the castle, who also died there. In 1615, Elector Friedrich V ordered the castle to be remodeled like a palace.
The castle burned down in the Thirty Years' War during the city fire of Oppenheim in 1621. It was not until after the Thirty Years' War that the castle was given the current name "Burg Landskron" in 1668. In the Nine Years' War , French troops blew up in 1689 under the Ezéchiel du Mas keep . In the following years, the citizens used the ruins as a quarry.
In the 19th century the ruin became the property of the city of Oppenheim, which in 1875 built a viewing platform on the stump of the keep. In 1978 the castle was transferred to the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The state had the ruins extensively renovated and archaeologically examined between 1990 and 1994.
organization
The castle was assigned to castle men, who were given these positions as fiefs by those who were entitled to dispose of the castle - initially by the king , later by the Palatinate elector . They ensured the military functionality of the facility on site. The Scharfenstein family was one of the families who held a Burgmann position here . Their position as Burgmann came to the family of the Chamberlain of Worms through marriage in 1357 .
Todays use
The Landskron castle ruins are now an open-air backdrop for the theater festival in the city of Oppenheim and for summer concerts, as well as the starting and ending point of an educational wine trail. Every year in the first half of May there is also a medieval market and spectaculum of the city of Oppenheim. Every year it is a special event for young and old. From the castle ruins you have a view of the entire Bergstrasse with the 517 meter high Melibokus in the Odenwald , Worms with the Worms Cathedral , Ludwigshafen am Rhein with the industrial area of BASF and Mannheim with the telecommunications tower . If you also use binoculars, you can even see the Hornisgrinde in the Black Forest, 140 kilometers away .
investment
From the entire castle complex with the three-storey palace built in the 16th century , considerable wall remains have been preserved. The architecture of the reconstruction shows traces of the current architectural styles everywhere. The castle fountain from the 13th century is also extraordinary : it is almost 40 meters deep and contains a water column of approx. 2.50 meters. Today the water is pumped up with an electric submersible pump.
literature
in alphabetical order by authors / editors
- Magnus Backes: State castles, palaces and antiquities in Rhineland-Palatinate . Regensburg 2003, ISBN 3-7954-1566-7 , pp. 134-137.
- Baur: History of the Veste Landskron in Oppenheim . In: Archive for Hessian History 2a, p. 66.
- Karl Becker: From the Landskrone ruins near Oppenheim . In: Heimatjahrbuch Mainz-Bingen, 15th 1971, pp. 36–37.
- Eric Beres: The treasurers of Worms and their importance for the region around Wallhausen and Dalberg . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. Die Kämmerer von Worms called von Dalberg = work of the Hessian Historical Commission NF Bd. 31. Hessische Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 137–154.
- Heinrich Büttner: The beginnings of the city of Oppenheim . In: Archive for Hessian History NF 24 (1952/53), pp. 17–36.
- Christofer Herrmann: Landskron Oppenheim castle ruins . In: Edition Burgen, Schlösser, Antiquities Rhineland-Palatinate = guide booklet 23rd 1st edition 2004.
- Beate Schmid and Christofer Herrmann: The Landskron ruins in Oppenheim . In: Mainzer archäologische Schriften 2. Mainz 1998.
- Paul Krause: The city of Oppenheim under the administration of the empire from 1147 to 1375 . Diss. Phil. Frankfurt am Main 1992.
Web links
- Landskron Castle at oppenheim-tourismus.de ( Memento from April 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- Landskron Castle at burgenwelt.de
- Landskron Castle at burgenlexikon.eu
Individual evidence
- ↑ Beres: The Chamberlain of Worms , p. 140.