Trebbin Castle

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Trebbin Castle
Access to the basement

Access to the basement

Creation time : 13th Century
Castle type : Turmburg or Motte, Ortsburg
Conservation status: Castle hill with cellar
Standing position : changing, lower nobility to nobility
Construction: Bricks
Place: Trebbin
Geographical location 52 ° 12 '43.8 "  N , 13 ° 12' 38.5"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 12 '43.8 "  N , 13 ° 12' 38.5"  E
Trebbin Castle (Brandenburg)
Trebbin Castle

The castle Trebbin was a fortification from the 13th century in the town Trebbin in Teltow-Fläming in Brandenburg . In the 21st century only is the building basement survived, the tower hill stands as ground monument with the number 131083 under monument protection .

location

The city center with the central market square is essentially accessed in a west-east direction from Bundesstraße 246 and Berliner Straße , which leads in from the north. After the junction with the B 246, it continues south as Luckenwalder Straße . To the west of the street are the remains of the castle , which are listed in the official register with house number 10. At the time of construction, the castle secured the crossing of the Nuthe between the plateaus of the Zauche and the Teltow .

history

Castle Hill, 2017

The Trebbin local history association points out in an information leaflet on the history of the castle that it is still unclear who built the castle and when. He suspects that the Magdeburg Ministerial Arnold von Ahlsleben should have received the castle. In his function as bailiff , he is said to have changed his name to Arnoldus von Trebbin.

The Institute for Archeology, Historical Monuments and Art History at the Otto Friedrich University in Bamberg , together with the Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and the State Archaeological Museum , carried out several studies to research the history of the building. They come to the conclusion that the building was owned by the Archdiocese of Magdeburg until at least 1233 . Thus the castle belonged to the two brothers Otto III at this time . and John I , which together till 1266 Margrave the Mark Brandenburg ruled. Werner von Arneburg and Sloteko von Görne are named as other rulers after this time in the 13th century . After a fire in 1320, it was probably rebuilt by Rudolf I in 1323 . During this early period, a first basement room with an entrance from the northwest was also built, which archaeologists called K 0.02 . They suspect it was flat covered at the time.

Ownership changed over the next two centuries. A knight Valke von der Lisenitz, a knight Musolff and Ludwig VI have survived . This forced the wrong Woldemar to give up, but he had to get into debt. He therefore pledged the castle to Hermann von Redern , who passed the property on to his cousin Otto von Redern. From there it came to Vogt Nickel von Rechenberg via the Großen family. In the 15th century, the castle was owned by Hans von Torgau, among others, who used it as a pledge to Christoph von Maltitz at the beginning of the 15th century . It was probably at this time that the ceiling was replaced by a barrel vault . The von Maltitz, together with Friedrich von Nürnberg, installed a captain Paul von Murring . Achim Hake, Peter von Bredow , Vogt Albrecht Kracht , Katharina von Sachsen and Balthasar von Schlieben are known to be other gentlemen . In the 16th century, the owners continued to change. First it was the electoral councilor Georg von Quast , then Eitelwolf vom Stein , the electoral councilors Dietrich Flantz, Heine Dobritz, Colonel Hans von Buck, the electoral privy councilor Lewin von dem Knesebeck and Hans von Waldow .

In the Thirty Years War Swedes destroyed the castle. In 1762, craftsmen removed the remains and built an office building on its foundations. The access to the basement was locked and an additional room K 0.01 was excavated. The passage was equipped with a robe and a soffit constructed of brick; the side walls of the new access area as well as the steps of the newly created staircase made of uncut boulders . In the 18th century the office building had become dilapidated and was also demolished. Craftsmen discovered the cellar as the only room in the former castle that was still preserved in the 21st century. A garden with a summer house was built above the cellar in the 19th century. The earliest evidence of this development is a postcard from 1927, which is available to the Trebbin Local History Association. On it is a one to two-storey wooden building with a roof turret and curved hood , which is reminiscent of Swiss chalets in its style . In the northwest there was a small staircase that gave access. In the southeast, craftsmen had built a foundation of bricks and field stones on which a wooden veranda stood. The cellar was still used and closed with a wooden door. Presumably at the beginning of the 20th century, craftsmen erected a retaining wall for room K 0.02 and probably in the middle of the 20th century the separation into two rooms, which still existed in 2017. The screed was also laid.

In 1957 the hill of the former castle was placed under protection as a ground monument; In 1995 the basement was added as a single monument. Between 1993 and 1996, the weight of the summer house caused the cellar ceiling to collapse. Part of the cause was a pillar that led from the porch through a ventilation hole into the basement. After 1996 craftsmen removed the garden shed and repaired the cellar. During the subsequent excavations on the eastern slope of the hill, experts found not only the cellar vault but also Slavic and medieval ceramics . With the excavation, the experts hoped to gain information about the original shape of the wall. The three probes resulted in pottery shards from the 13th and 14th centuries that belonged to vessels with spherical bottoms. The finely slurried everyday objects were made comparatively thin. The finds from the 17th to the first half of the 19th century were earthenware with a yellow or brown glaze. Since modern ceramics were lacking, the Heimatverein assumes that the site no longer served as a place of residence from the second half of the 19th century. Presumably the former moat was closed with rubble, which among other things came from the demolished office building. After the completion of the probes, the access to the basement was given a wooden structure that was covered with roofing felt.

Building description

The basement consists of a staircase, which in the 21st century is closed with an iron grille for security reasons. The exit leads to the large basement room K 0.01 . Another door gives access to a second cellar room, K 0.02 . The two rooms were originally not separated and together were 7.58 meters long and 5.24 meters wide. The passage was created at a later date when craftsmen erected a wall out of brick . The floor in the large basement is tamped; in the northern area a brick covering is laid. A cement screed has been placed in the smaller room. The walls consist of field stones in the lower area , above of brick. Due to the poor overall condition of the cellar, it was not open to the public in 2017.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Teltow-Fläming district (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  2. ↑ Information board : Construction phases of the basement , placed on the memorial, May 2017.
  3. ↑ Trebbin website Burgen in Berlin and Brandenburg of the Institute for Archeology, Historical Monuments and Art History, Chair for Building Research and Building History at the Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg and the Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and the State Archaeological Museum, accessed on May 24, 2017.
  4. ↑ Information board : Archaeological investigation , placed on the monument, May 2017.
  5. ↑ Information board : The cellar , set up at the monument, May 2017.