Burglehn

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Nanckenreuth was one of the castle estates of the city of Bayreuth , guardroom at the upper gate

The term Burglehn referred to two things in medieval law:

  1. a special feudal form and
  2. a castle estate as a demarcated area in front of the castle walls .

Special form of the feudal system

Anno 1377 lived at Castle Trebbin Castle captain of nickel Reckenberg and 10 Burgmannen . As Burglehn served, excluding the reservation of the sovereign , the Bailiwick Trebbin . The annual income from the spots Trebbin , 4 villages, fields and meadows were 40 shock of Bohemian pennies . The name "old office" on the Schmettauschen map ( 1767–1787) indicated the location of the castle.

The castle leaning as a special kind of feudal system could be proven since the first half of the 12th century. Especially in the 13./14. In the 18th century it served as the usual economic equipment for the aristocratic castle garrison. It was composed of the castle commander, another ( knights ued progress) Burgmannen and lower support staff (eg. B. Burg usher , towers ) together. The difference to the normal knight's arm was the service to be provided by the vassals . Mostly the feudal lord demanded the castle hat - the guarding and defense of the castle . This was usually combined with the residence obligation . The castle crew chose the castle they were entrusted with as their place of residence and stayed there at least temporarily.

The castle and its components were not the subject of the castle lean-to. The lord of the castle provided a fixed amount of money. In this way goods were acquired that were given to the liege lord as a fief. The income from this was used to finance the castle occupation. There were two payment modalities. A financially well-endowed lord of the castle made the capital available as a one-off payment. Far more often, the lord's income was pledged until the total amount was raised. The annual capital inflow usually corresponded to 10% of the promised total amount. The intermediate step about money was omitted if the lord of the castle enfeoffed property that he already owned to the castle team.

Because of the close ties to the castle, the castle teams often united to form legal and judicial cooperatives . These sometimes had their own seal , for example in Friedberg (Wetterau) . In a trial for a castle fief, the feudal court often met in the respective castle. The castle gate had to be open during the trial.

Castle estate

On the south side of the castle estate Waaggasse 5 in Kulmbach , a battlement runs as part of the city ​​wall
The west side is designed with a representative facade.

A castle property ( castle hat ) was a dwelling of noble castle men , which were made available to them by the sovereign as a fief . For this, these castle men had to defend the city in case of war. For this reason, the castle estates were often built directly on the city ​​wall to serve as a small bastion for the actual castle. The area of ​​the Burglehn and its inhabitants were subject to special rights. Your judge was always the owner of the castle . That means that they were neither subject to a manorial rule nor to city ​​law . This was true even if the castle lean was within the city walls. Not infrequently, the Burglehnhäuser were also free houses . It was often disputed between the neighboring town and the people of the Burglehn whether they were allowed to practice crafts in their houses that were otherwise subject to the rules of the guild .

Since the 17th, but at the latest in the 19th century, the Burglehnbezirke were dissolved and placed under local government. Nevertheless, some had existed much longer than the associated castles, which had often already lost their military function. Today, in some cities, a street name still reminds of the location of the former castle.

See also

literature

  • Feudum castrense or Burg-Lehn. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 9, Leipzig 1735, column 700 f.
  • Karl-Friedrich Krieger : The feudal sovereignty of the German kings in the late Middle Ages (approx. 1200–1437) (=  studies on German state and legal history . NF 23). Scientia, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-02843-4 , pp. 174-177 .
  • Karl-Friedrich Krieger: Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Volume II. Beggars to the Valencia Code . In: Robert-Henri Bautier to Hartmut Zapf (ed.): Lexicon of the Middle Ages . (LexMA). 9 volumes. Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 , Burglehen, Sp. 1055-1056 .
  • Wolfgang Schoberth and the project group "denkmal aktiv" of the Markgraf-Georg-Friedrich-Gymnasium Kulmbach: The castle estates - on the trail of Kulmbach's last riddles . Weißenstadt 2006, page 10f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): Das Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg von 1375 (= Brandenburg Land Books . Volume 2; Publications of the Historical Commission for the Province of Brandenburg and the Imperial Capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, [calculation tables and overviews]. Dispositio castrorum sub anno domini 1377 feria 3 post festum S. Lucie per dominum imperatorem facta. Trebbyn, p. 22, DNB 580505456 ( digitized version in Potsdam University Library ).
  2. ↑ a b Eberhard Bohm: Teltow and Barnim. Investigations on the constitutional history and state structure of Brandenburg landscapes in the Middle Ages (=  Reinhold Olesch , Walter Schlesinger , Ludwig Erich Schmitt [Ed.]: Mitteldeutsche Forschungen . Volume 83). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 1978, ISBN 3-412-03878-4 , B. Teltow. V. Castles and Bailiots. 3. Trebbin, S. 73-89 .
  3. ↑ a b c Karl-Friedrich Krieger: Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Volume II . Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 , Burglehen, Sp. 1055-1056 .
  4. ^ Karl-Friedrich Krieger : Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Volume II. Beggars to the Valencia Code . In: Robert-Henri Bautier to Hartmut Zapf (ed.): Lexicon of the Middle Ages . (LexMA). 9 volumes. Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 , Burg. C. European development by country and region with special consideration of legal and constitutional history. I. Germany. [I] General legal and constitutional significance, Sp. 965–966 , Burghut: Sp. 965–966 .
  5. ↑ Hans K. Schulze : Basic structures of the constitution in the Middle Ages. Volume I . In: Basic structures of the constitution in the Middle Ages (=  Kohlhammer Urban-Taschenbuch . Volume 371). 4th updated edition. 4 volumes. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Berlin / Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-17-018239-0 , III. The feudal system. 6. The leaning system. a) The loan obligations, p. 76-77 .
  6. ↑ Hans K. Schulze : Basic structures of the constitution in the Middle Ages. Volume I . In: Basic structures of the constitution in the Middle Ages (=  Kohlhammer Urban-Taschenbuch . Volume 371). 4th updated edition. 4 volumes. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Berlin / Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-17-018239-0 , III. The feudal system. 6. The leaning system. i) Lehnsgericht and feudal law sources, p. 91–94 , here p. 92 .