Burgstall Schlossberg (Gauting)

Burgstall Schlossberg
South-sided sloping ditch
Creation time :	Between 11th and 13th centuries
Castle type :	Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Standing position :	Ministeriale
Place:	Starnberg - Leutstetten
Geographical location	48 ° 2 '33.7 "  N , 11 ° 22' 3.7"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 2 '33.7 "  N , 11 ° 22' 3.7"  E
Height:	600  m above sea level NHN

The high medieval castle stable Schlossberg (Schlösslberg) is located about 1500 meters northeast of the church of Leutstetten on the eastern edge of the Würmtal ( Starnberg district ) in Upper Bavaria ( Gauting municipality, Unterbrunn district). Below the small fortress , on the western side of the valley, the earthworks of a rampart of unknown time and purpose have been preserved, which is sometimes interpreted as the fore or bridgehead of the castle .

history

The castle stable shows the typical two-part system of high medieval ministerial castles, so it should have been built between the 11th and 13th centuries. Some pottery shards picked up in 1972 are dated to the 11th century and thus confirm this chronological classification. The hillside trenches of the inner castle also point to an emergence in the early High Middle Ages, when such early medieval fastening elements continued to be used for a few decades.

An atto von Königswiesen appears in a written source as early as 934 as a vassal of the counts or the Ebersberg monastery . This nobleman can also have lived on a fortified courtyard in the local area and does not necessarily have to be genealogically related to the builders of the castle. At the time when the nearby Karlsburg Castle was first mentioned in 1114/1123, local nobility can be identified in the municipality of Königswiesen (demolished in 1865 except for the chapel), in whose clans the names Wicmann and Huc appear several times .

The small castle above the Würmtal is only a few hundred meters north of the large Karlsburg . This castle stable is reminiscent of the great early medieval Hungarian fortresses of the first half of the 10th century, which have been preserved in numerous impressive examples , especially in the region around the episcopal city of Augsburg . ( Hungary walls ). One of the largest stone castles in the region was built here in the High Middle Ages.

The forecourt of the Schlossberg could also be traced back to a smaller early or pre-medieval refugee castle, the castle itself shows no clear typological features of this type. It appears more like one of those numerous smaller satellite castles that can often be found in the vicinity of larger dynasty castles. The vassals and servants of the more powerful feudal lords usually lived in such small castles and tried to adopt their knightly way of life on a modest basis. Also south of the Karlsburg is a high medieval tower hill on the Schönberg near Leutstetten as a possible seat of a servant of the Karlsberg lords. The Karlsbergers in turn served the Count Palatine of Bavaria. Karlsburg was located between two large forest areas that were probably royal property and were administered from the castle.

The actual purpose of the facility on the Schlossberg remains speculative. As with numerous other archaeological monuments, no documents or other records of the history of the object have been preserved. Perhaps the fortress, together with the western outwork, was supposed to monitor the river that flows northwards directly past the castle hill. The hilltop castle is only about 20 meters above the river. It is possible that the ramparts on the other side of the bank can be traced back to an older, small weir system, in which around 200 to 300 people were able to seek shelter at short notice, or it is the outskirts of a larger Hungarian rampart on the Karlsberg.

description

Northeastern neck ditch

Main castle plateau to the west

Burgstall

The hilltop castle was laid out on a spur that jumps out to the southwest over a Würmschleife. The east offshore bailey is a powerful, up to ten meters deep moat from the main castle separately. A short trench around four meters deep also protects the trapezoidal main castle plateau in the southwest . The approximately 40 meter long and only 10 to 25 meter wide plateau of the core castle is accompanied on the long sides by slope trenches that merge into the neck trenches. The bottom of the trench is about six to seven meters below the interior level. The outer ramparts are no more than one meter high. Shield wall-like rubble walls can be seen behind the two neck ditches . The mighty heap of the trench can be seen in front of the northwestern trench cut of the core castle .

The narrow rectangular Vorburg (about 25 by 75 meters) is protected in the Northeast by a low, only up to about one meter high wall, the exterior of a corresponding trench depth is presented. The area of ​​the outer bailey is about 750 m², the main castle is about 700 to 800 m². The ramparts in the valley run around 600 m².

The nearby rice mill in the Würmtal could go back to the castle mill, the location of an associated building or farmyard is unclear.

The Burgstall was topographically surveyed and recorded in 1983 by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (see Schober: Starnberg district ).

The state office lists the soil monument as a medieval castle stable under the monument number D-1-7934-0009.

Rampart

The small rampart on the western side of the Würm rests on a striking natural earth bar that towers about eight meters above the valley floor. The plateau of this ridge of the terrain is encircled on the inside to the north, west and south by a parapet-like edge wall about one meter high. No traces of ramparts can be seen on the east side of the Würm.

From the west, a berm or a former ditch allows easy ascent to the plateau. This terrain level descends here to about two meters above the foot of the hill.

The high earth bar rises about 30 meters from today's river bed. Remnants of the connection between the Würm and the ramparts are not visible.

The ramparts in the valley are also listed by the State Office as a medieval castle stable (monument number D-1-7934-0065).

literature

• Hans H. Schmidt (Ed.): "Sunken castles" in the five-lake region between Ammersee and Isar - historical-archaeological reconstructions . Working group for historical research in the Würm region, Gauting 2002.
• Gerhard Schober: District of Starnberg - ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments ( Monuments in Bavaria , Volume I.21). 2nd edition, Munich and Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7954-1005-3 .
• Werner Meyer : Castles in Upper Bavaria - A manual . Verlag Weidlich, Würzburg 1986, ISBN 3-8035-1279-4 , p. 248 .

Web links

Commons : Burgstall Schlossberg  - Collection of images

• Entry on Schlossberg in the private database "Alle Burgen".

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )