C / 1132 T1
| C / 1132 T1 [i] | |
|---|---|
| Properties of the orbit ( animation ) | |
| Orbit type | parabolic |
| Numerical eccentricity | 1.0 |
| Perihelion | 0.736 AU |
| Inclination of the orbit plane | 106 ° |
| Perihelion | August 30, 1132 |
| Orbital velocity in the perihelion | 49 km / s |
| history | |
| Explorer | |
| Date of discovery | October 3, 1132 |
| Older name | 1132 |
| Source: Unless otherwise stated, the data comes from JPL Small-Body Database Browser . Please also note the note on comet articles . | |
C / 1132 T1 is a comet that could be seen with the naked eye in 1132 . It is counted among the " Great Comets " due to its extraordinary brightness .
Discovery and observation
The Chinese chronicle Jīn Shǐ from the middle of the 14th century reports that on October 4th, 1132 (local time) a "broom star " was discovered in the constellation Great Bear . The following day he was seen in Japan and Korea , as the chronicles Dai Nihonshi and Goryeo-sa from these countries mention. According to Japanese traditions, it was probably in the area of the constellations Carter and Giraffe , its color was white and its 3 ° long tail pointed west. All of these observations were likely made in the morning hours.
On October 7th, the comet was already so conspicuous that it was reported again in several Chinese chronicles, such as the Sòng Shǐ , but also in the Korean and Japanese chronicles mentioned above. The comet had moved rapidly in the sky, was already in the constellation Aries and its tail pointed northwest. While the Koreans only mention a 3 ° long tail, the Japanese report a 30 ° long tail with bright rays. The comet likely rose in the east at sunset and set in the west at sunrise , so it was visible all night.
The Japanese Chronicle further reports that the comet had moved further south on October 8th, while the tail rays had become weaker and only reached 10 ° longitude. For the same day, the Chronicon ex chronicis of John of Worcester from England reports :
“(AD 1132) […] Stella cometis viii °. idus Octob. fere per v °. dies apparuit. "
"A comet appeared on day VIII idus Octobris (October 8th) [and remained visible] for almost 5 days."
On October 9, the comet is observed again by the Chinese in the constellation of Whale , as well as by the Japanese, after whom the tail length was still 2-3 °. The sky in Japan was cloudy for the next two days and the last observation of the comet was there on October 12th. According to the Chinese texts, the last observation was on October 27th, probably in the evening sky.
Another contemporary report from Germany only briefly mentions the appearance of a comet that year:
“1132. Sexto Non. Mart. eclipsis lune contigit, et cometa eodem anno visa est per aliquot noctes. "
"The day VI Nona Martii (March 2) occurs a lunar eclipse a and the same year is a comet seen for several nights."
In his Cométographie, Pingré names October 2nd as the date of the first observation, while Williams incorrectly dates the Chinese observation of October 7th to August 14th. Williams mentions another object for September 29, 1133, which, however, is also an incorrect dating of the Chinese observation of October 3, 1132.
The comet reached a magnitude of −1 mag around October 7th . According to the descriptions, the comet could even have reached a brightness of up to −2.2 mag (comparable to Jupiter ), so that it would have been a magnificent sight that could even have cast a faint shadow on a dark medieval night.
Orbit
In 1917, Sinkiti Ogura was able to determine only a very uncertain parabolic orbit for the comet from 3 observations over 4 days , which is inclined by around 106 ° to the ecliptic . It thus runs in the opposite direction (retrograde) like the planets through its orbit. At the point of the orbit closest to the sun ( perihelion ), which the comet traversed around August 30, 1132, it was at a distance of around 110 million km from the sun in the area of the orbit of Venus , which it was already on around July 21 106 million km had approached. Seen from the earth , it was standing behind the sun at this time, and afterwards it moved almost directly towards the earth unnoticed. At the time of its discovery it was already in close proximity to Earth, which it could have come close to around October 7th to around 0.045 AU / 6.8 million km. It would be one of the 10 closest comets to earth in historical times. This great proximity to the earth was also the reason for its immense brightness and its unusually rapid movement across the sky, which reached up to 2 ° / h on October 6, 1132.
Due to the uncertain initial data, no statement can be made as to whether and, if so, when the comet could return to the inner solar system .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ JRH Weaver (Ed.): Anecdota Oxoniensia - The Chronicle of John of Worcester 1118-1140. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908, p. 36 ( PDF; 2.48 MB ).
- ^ GH Pertz (Ed.): Annales Sancti Blasii. In: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Vol. 17, Hannover 1861, p. 278 ( online ).
- ^ AG Pingré: Cométographie ou Traité historique et théorique des comètes. Tome I. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1783, pp. 392, 627 ( PDF; 56.49 MB ).
- ↑ J. Williams: Observations of Comets, from BC 611 to AD 1640. Strangeways and Walden, London 1871, pp. 61, 65 ( PDF, 20.93 MB ).
- ^ GW Kronk: Cometography - A Catalog of Comets, Volume 1. Ancient - 1799 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999, ISBN 978-0-521-58504-0 , pp. 198-199.
- ↑ DK Yeomans: NASA JPL Solar System Dynamics: Great Comets in History. Retrieved October 21, 2016 .
- ^ A b D. AJ Seargent: The Greatest Comets in History: Broom Stars and Celestial Scimitars. Springer, New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-387-09512-7 , p. 94.
- ↑ Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: 1101 to 1200 (1101 CE to 1200 CE). NASA, accessed October 20, 2016 .
- ^ S. Ogura: On the orbits of two comets observed in Japan. In: Annales de l'Observatoire astronomique de Tokyo. Tome 5 - 3 e fasc, 1917, pp 15-17 (. Bibcode : 1917AOTok ... 5c ... 1O ).
- ↑ C / 1132 T1 in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
- ↑ A. Vitagliano: SOLEX 11.0. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 18, 2015 ; accessed on May 2, 2014 .
- ↑ Historic Comet Close Approaches Prior to 2006. NASA, accessed October 21, 2016 .